Suizidalität bei Adoleszenten – Prävention und Behandlung

Abstract

Adolescence is associated with a dramatic surge in suicide rate. While worldwide age-adjusted suicides rate per 100’000 in under 14-year olds are relatively low around 0.6, a dramatic increase to 7.4 can be observed in 15 – 19 year olds with suicide being one of the three leading causes of mortality in most countries in this age group. From 2000 to 2013 the Swiss annual average of completed suicides in 15 – 19 year olds was 33.1 (minimum 24; maximum 47). This corresponds to an average age-specific death rate of 7.6, which is slightly above the global mean. Suicide prevention and treatment of suicidality in adolescents is a complex underpinning. Subjectively experienced feelings of insufficiency, hopelessness and the feeling of worthlessness combined with concrete suicidal ideations and the capacity to act out are important indicators for assessing suicidal risk. Suicide attempts as the strongest risk factor for suicide should always be taken seriously, even if they occur in the context of situational crisis. Narcissistic personality traits or increased impulsivity are further indicators of risk. The early detection and effective treatment of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar-affective disorders or psychotic disorders provide a great opportunity to reduce the frequency of suicide attempts and suicide. Particular caution is required when co-morbid addictions are present. The maintenance or establishment of sustainable relationships with significant others is considered a key protecting factor. Increasing withdrawal from significant others is an important warning sign and needs urgent involvement of experts. In acute suicidality, the admission to a psychiatric hospital must be considered, if necessary against the will of affected adolescent and their relatives. Personality-related recurrent suicidal behavior requires specific treatment approaches taking into account the prevention of iatrogenic worsening of suicidal patterns.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Ideation and Parental Attachment Among Adolescents: The Mediator of Anhedonia and Peer Attachment

“…Consistent with previous studies, our results also showed a gender difference in suicidal ideation (Grunbaum et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2011) and suggest that intervention policies may need to be gender-specific. Worth noting, we did not find the difference of suicidal ideation on junior and senior students, which was converse to one previous study, it showed a sharp increase in suicidal ideation in senior aged from 15-18 years for western students (Berger et al, 2015). But here, we guess that it may contribute to the incomplete sample for the not measured entrance students in our research.…”

Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Depressive Symptoms

“…Suicidal behavior, including suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and completed suicide, threatens people's lives and the quality of life of survivors. More than 800,000 people die every year from suicide worldwide [1], and the sharp increase in suicidal deaths occurs among adolescents aged 15-19 years [2]. Notably, suicide has become the second-leading cause of death among adolescents [3].…”

“…Finally, few studies have explored the potential moderating role of depressive symptoms in the association between childhood abuse and suicidal behavior in Chinese adolescents. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the associations as well as the strengths between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior and (2) to test whether these associations and strengths vary with adolescents' depressive symptoms.…”

The Experience of the Crisis Clinic at the Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. Sukhareva

“…About 800,000 people die by suicide each year [ 1 ]. In adolescents aged 15–19, suicide becomes the second (for girls) and third (for boys) cause of death, second only to traffic accidents and homicide [ 2 , 3 ]. It is believed that, for every completed youth suicide, there are 100–200 suicide attempts [ 4 ].…”