Solubility and dissolution rate of drugs are of major importance in pre-formulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solubility improvement allows the drugs to be potential biowaiver candidates and may be a good way to develop more dose-efficient formulations. Solubility behaviour of lamivudine, stavudine and zidovudine in individual solvents (under pH range of 1.2 to 7.5) was studied by equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution methods. In solubility study by equilibrium method (shake-flask technique), known amounts of drug were added in each media until to reach saturation and the mixture was subjected to agitation of 150 rpm for 72 hours at 37 °C. In intrinsic dissolution test, known amount of each drug was compressed in the matrix of Wood's apparatus and subjected to dissolution in each media with agitation of 50 rpm at 37 °C. In solubility by equilibrium method, lamivudine and zidovudine can be considered as highly soluble drugs. Although stavudine present high solubility in pH 4.5, 6.8, 7.5 and water, the solubility determination in pH 1.2 was not possible due stability problems. Regarding to intrinsic dissolution, lamivudine and stavudine present high speed of dissolution. Considering a boundary value presented by Yu and colleagues (2004), all drugs studied present high solubility characteristics in intrinsic dissolution method. Based on the obtained results, intrinsic dissolution seems to be superior for solubility studies as an alternative method for biopharmaceutical classification purposes.Uniterms: Drugs/solubility. Drugs/dissolution rate. Intrinsic dissolution/method/biopharmaceutical classification. Biopharmaceutical Classification System.A solubilidade e a taxa de dissolução de fármacos são de grande importância em estudos de pré-formulação de formas farmacêuticas. A melhora na solubilidade permite que os fármacos sejam candidatos potenciais à bioisenção, podendo ser uma boa maneira para desenvolver formulações dose-eficientes. O comportamento de solubilidade da lamivudina, estavudina e zidovudina em solventes individuais (sob faixa de pH 1,2 a 7,5) foi estudado pelos métodos de solubilidade em equilíbrio e dissolução intrínseca. No estudo de solubilidade pelo método do equilíbrio (método de agitação de frascos), conhecidas quantidades do fármaco foram adicionadas em cada meio até atingirem a saturação e a mistura foi submetida à agitação de 150 rpm por 72 horas a 37 °C. No ensaio de dissolução intrínseca, conhecida quantidade de cada fármaco foi comprimida na matriz do aparato de Wood e submetida à dissolução em cada meio com agitação de 50 rpm a 37 °C. No método de solubilidade em equilíbrio, a lamivudina e a zidovudina podem ser consideradas como fármacos altamente solúveis. Embora a estavudina apresente alta solubilidade nos meios pH 4,5, 6,8, 7,5 e água, a determinação da solubilidade em pH 1,2 não foi possível devido a problemas de estabilidade. Com relação à dissolução intrínseca, a lamivudina e a estavudina apresentaram alta velocidade de dissolução. Considerando o valor ...

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The high permeability combined with its solubility, pharmacological activity and low toxicity demonstrate the importance of eremantholide C as a potential drug candidate.

DEZANI, A.B. Solubility and permeability evaluation of lamivudine and zidovudine. Biopharmaceutical Classification.

This review presents the in situ intestinal perfusion model and its application for permeability/ transport studies of drugs and intestinal metabolism. Also, this paper discusses about how the in situ perfusion studies can be used for classification of drugs and the future perspectives for in vivo absorption prediction.

The success of an oral drug route administration depends on many factors that interfere in its bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety. In human cells, ATP-dependent efflux transporter proteins, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), BCRP and MRP2, reduce the absorption of drugs. A tiered approach chosen to evaluate drugs as substrates or inhibitors of efflux pumps, particularly P-gp, should be carefully selected, since each study method has advantages and intrinsic limitations to their processes. Depending on the adopted study conditions, the results may not correspond to the real characteristics of the drug regarding to its modulation by specific efflux proteins. This mini-review aims at summarizing the role of P-gp in the drugs oral absorption and correlating some of the most used permeability methods to determine the drug condition as P-gp substrate. Studies about P-gp have shown that it is a dynamic protein, facilitating secretion of endogenous compounds, as aldosterone, and protecting cells against xenobiotics. Different efflux assays are employed to evaluate drugs as P-gp substrates. In an initial planning, MDCK-MDR1 tend to be the chosen method for efflux studies due its ability of express P-gp, followed by studies conducted in Caco-2 models. However, it is necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method to generate sound results and to set the correlation in vitro x in situ x in vivo.