This research was distributed by attractions of authors to Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh the leader with big influence when the revolution happened in Aceh. The main issues studied in this research is “How was Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh’s role in defending the independence of Indonesian Republic in Aceh 1945-1950?”. This study uses historical method which includes four steps: 1) Heuristics, 2) Criticism, 3) Interpretation, 4) Historiography. Based on the result, the political and socio-economic conditions in Aceh after the independence of Indonesian Republic was unstable. The role of Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh in Peristiwa Cumbok gave the awareness to local government to give more attention in this horizontal conflict and he instructing to mobilize the troops to attack the uleebalang clan in Pidie. He also stopped the Tentara Perjuangan Rakyat (TPR) movement who headed by Husin Al Mujahid. As the Military Governor of Aceh, Langkat, and Tanah Karo, Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh can merged the paramilitary organizations into TNI organization, he also the inisiator who collected the cost to buy an airplane for Indonesian government, and he can stopped the Sayid Ali movement. Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh rejected the merging of Aceh into the Sumatera Utara Province and this case made his disappointed to the center government and also Soekarno.
"The Ideologization Process of the Concept of Reform in the Historiography of History Textbooks in Schools". One of the works of historiography which is prepared and published for the purpose of education is textbooks for SMA/MA (Senior High School/Islamic Senior High School), grade twelve. In addition to fulfi lling scientifi c requirements, history textbooks are suited to the educational policies and the political interests of the government, embodied in and represented by the curriculum of history education. In this context, history is not positioned as a "history for history" or history in the tight space of interests; rather, it is an educational tool of the government. This is evident from the process of ideologization (the dissemination of ideas and views) of the government towards learners through history textbooks. The form of ideologization process contained in the historiography of the history textbooks of SMA /MA grade twelve, among others, is the ideologization of "reform" concept. In the textbooks, not only is the concept of "reform" meaningful and well-regarded, which the New
ABSTRAKSI: Artikel ini, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode historis, mengkaji tentang dinamika politik pada masa-masa awal Orde Baru (1966-1974) di Indonesia, dengan memfokuskan analisis mengenai pers dan kritik sosial. Studi difokuskan pada mingguan “Mahasiswa Indonesia” di Bandung, yang bersikap kritis terhadap masalah-masalah yang membelenggu pemerintah Orde Baru pada masa itu. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa fenomena KKN (Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme) pada masa-masa awal pemerintah Orde Baru, seperti kedudukan SPRI (Staf Pribadi) Presiden; kasus BULOG (Badan Urusan Logistik); dan masalah pembangunan TMII (Taman Mini Indonesia Indah) di Jakarta, menjadi “news and views” (berita dan pandangan) yang kritis dari mingguan “Mahasiswa Indonesia”. Namun, berbagai reaksi tersebut tidak menggoyahkan kedudukan pemerintah Orde Baru dalam rangka membangun konsolidasi kekuasaan dan legitimasi pemerintahan. Bahkan pers yang kritis, termasuk mingguan “Mahasiswa Indonesia” di Bandung, akhirnya dibungkam oleh pemerintah Orde Baru, dan sepertinya rejim ini tidak akan tergoyahkan untuk masa 20 tahunan ke depan.KATA KUNCI: Pers dan Kritik Sosial; Pemerintah Orde Baru; Mingguan “Mahasiswa Indonesia”; Masalah Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme. ABSTRACT: “Press and Social Criticism in the New Order Period: Case Study of Indonesian Student Weekly in Bandung, 1966-1974”. This article, using a qualitative approach and historical methods, examines the political dynamics in the early period of the New Order (1966-1974) in Indonesia, by focusing on analysis of the press and social criticism. The study focused on the weekly of "Indonesian Students" in Bandung, which were critical towards the problems that bound the New Order government at that time. The results of the study showed that the phenomena of KKN (Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism) in the early period of the New Order government, such as the position of the SPRI (Personal Staff) of the President; BULOG (Logistics Affairs Agency) case; and the problem of developing of TMII (Beautiful Indonesian Miniature Garden) in Jakarta, becoming a critical news and views from the weekly of "Indonesian Students". However, these various reactions did not destabilize the position of the New Order government in the context to build a consolidation of government power and legitimacy. Even the critical press, including the weekly of "Indonesian Students" in Bandung, was finally silenced by the New Order government, and it seems that this regime will not be deterred for the next 20 years.KEY WORD: Press and Social Criticism; New Order Government; “Indonesian Students” Weekly; Problems of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism.About the Author: Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. adalah Dosen Senior di Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI (Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) di Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; dan Sekretaris Jenderal ASPENSI (Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia) Periode 2018-2023. Untuk kepentingan akademik, penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: atriwusidna@gmail.com Suggested Citation: Suwirta, Andi. (2018). "Pers dan Kritik Sosial pada Masa Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Pers Mingguan Mahasiswa Indonesia di Bandung, 1966-1974" in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 3(2), September, pp.113-136. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online).Article Timeline: Accepted (December 27, 2017); Revised (May 20, 2018); and Published (September 30, 2018).
This article entitled "The Comparison of Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja and Ali Alatas Policies Against Independent-Active Foreign Policy In Indonesia During The New Order". The writing is motivated by the author interest to determine the policies taken by the New Order government in maintaining a free and active foreign policy taken by Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, and Ali Alatas. The main issues in this research is how is the Comparison of Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja And Ali Alatas Policies Against Independent-Active Foreign Policy In Indonesia During The New Order? The method used in the study is the historical method consists of four phases, which are; heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. In reviewing the research question, the author uses an interdisciplinary approach by using some of the concepts from political science. Based on the research, authors knew that Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, and Ali Alatas had different educational backgrounds so when they are assuming his post as Foreign Minister also can be different. The difference can be seen from their focus in taking a foreign policy. Adam Malik, who is still in transition from the Old Order to the New Order, his focus was to solve the problems that occurred in the previous government. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja focuses on Archipelago and international law. Ali Alatas focuses on human rights issues and to make Indonesia as Chairman of NAM. In addition, The Three Minister of Foreign Affairs through his policy also makes Indonesia active in solving regional and international issues, as well as the Non-Aligned Organizations.
This research entitled as “Peranan Amir Machmud dalam Mempertahankan Pemerintahan Soeharto 1969-1982”. The main problem in this research is “How deep the role of Amir Machmud in maintaining Soeharto’s government 1969-1982?”. The hictorical method used in this research, that is consisting heuristic, critical sources, interpretation, and historiography. To deepen the analysis, the interdisipliner approach such as sociology and political science was used in this research, such as role, political stability, and general elections concepts also there was Patron-Client and Structuration theories. Amir Machmud was a prominent figure during Orde Baru period. Amir Machmud was born at Cibeber, Cimahi city and had successful military career during New Order era. Amir Machmud held position as minister of domestic affairs in 3 periods. As a minister, he had successfully carry on some urge problems to government, like PEPERA problem that considered as fraudulence because unappropriate based on New York agreement by international affairs.
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