Salinity stress can reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and cause crop failure. This problem needs a solution by development of tolerant varieties, and this development closely relates to the effectiveness of its screening. Screening at the phase of germination and seedling are the most common ones. However, the interactions between screenings based on the growth character selection index have not been widely reported, particularly with the principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the interaction between phases of rice salinity screening through a selection index based on PCA. This study consisted of two phases of salinity screening, namely growth phase of germination and seedlings. Both screenings were designed with a nested randomized complete block design, where replicates were nested in a selection environment. The selection environment consisted of two levels, normal (0 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM NaCl). The genotypes consisted of eight varieties and was repeated three times. Observations were based on morphological and physiological characters, especially in seedling phase screening. Results showed that morphological character approach of the seedlings had a large distribution of salinity tolerances. The use of stress tolerance index and PCA were considered effective in the formation of the selection index on salinity screening. As for, the morphology index was formulated as 0.32 shoot height + 0.33 root fresh weight + 0.33 shoot fresh weight + 0.26 root length + 0.01 number of tillers, length + 0.34 total biomass fresh weight. Therefore, the use of this analytical concept is recommended in screening the tolerance of rice lines to salinity stress.
Development of adaptability rice under salinity stress needs effective and selective methods in the screening process. The seedling screening method is a general method used in salinity screening. However, this screening method often uses conventional observation in its screening process. This observation is rated that has a high error level. Therefore, the development of a digital approach through image-based phenotyping expected could minimize the error in the adaptability screening. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group design, where replications were nested in a stressful environment. The environment in this study was normal (0 mM NaCl) and salinity stress (120 mM NaCl). The genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes which were repeated three times. The number of characters observed was nine image-based phenotyping. The results of this study showed that green percentage, the 3rd leaf length, and total area were the selection characters of image-based phenotyping under seedling salinity screening. Besides that, the used adaptability index in salinity screening became a good approach in considered and distinguished tolerance responses among varieties, especially to Pokkali (tolerant control variety) and IR 29 (sensitive control variety). Based on this study, the application of image-based phenotyping recommended in the screening process of line adaptability under salinity stress.
This research was aimed to evaluate the efectivity of screening method and identification of tolerance screening selection character in statis hydroponic system towards drough stress. The research was carried out in Hydroponic Screenhouse Perdos Unhas, Tamalanrea, Makassar which throughout February-April 2020. This research was conducted in factorial design in nested patterns, where environment was the nested replication. Environments used were normal (0% PEG) and drought stress (10% PEG). Five rice varieties were used: Inpari 34, Ciherang, IR29 and Jeliteng. Research result showed that canopy height and fresh weight were the suitable selection character in drought tolerance screening through statis hydroponic cultivation. Grouping consistency was found between drought and salinity stress. Inpari 34, Ciherang, Jeliteng and Inpari 29 was considered to be have drought tolerance, whilst IR29 was examined to be responsive to drough stress in hydroponic culture. From the overall result, it can be concluded that hydroponic screening and PEG application was quite effective in rice drought stress tolerance screening
The development of drought rice screening is one of the keys to increase selection effectiveness. This development can be done by developing the analytical method. In general, identification of tolerant rice can be conducted with the cluster analysis. However, the common cluster analysis just was focused on genotype clusters so that the reason for the clustering does not can explain. Therefore, the other analysis approach needs to be done, such as cluster heatmap analysis. The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of cluster heatmap used in rice tolerance screening under drought stress. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group design, where replications were nested in PEG 6000 concentration as a screening environment. The concentration of PEG used in this study was 0% PEG and 20% PEG. The genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes repeated three times. Hydroponic culture used ABmix in culture solution. As for, the number of characters observed was seven morphology characters and three physiological characters. The results of this study showed that cluster heatmap analysis could distinguish between the rice tolerant group drought-tolerant variety control (Salumpikit, Pokkali, and Inpari 29), and sensitive variety control (IR 20). Besides that, the good selection characters in hydroponic drought screening were shoot length, the number of tillers, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and total biomass fresh weight. Based on this study, the cluster heatmap can be recommended as one of the analytical methods in hydroponic drought screening.
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