Background In this review, we were interested to identify the wide universe of enzymes associated with epigenetic modifications, whose gene expression is regulated by miRNAs with a high relative abundance in Crohn's disease (CD) affected tissues, with the aim to determine their impact in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease. Methods We used HMDD and Bibliometrix R-package in order to identify the miRNAs overexpressed in CD. The identified enzymes associated with epigenetic mechanisms and post-translational modifications, regulated by miRNAs upregulated in CD, were analyzed using String v11 database. Results We found 190 miRNAs with great abundance in patients with CD, of which 26 miRNAs regulate the gene expression of enzymes known to catalyze epigenetic modifications involved in essentials pathophysiological processes, such as chromatin architecture reorganization, immune response regulation including CD4+ T cells polarization, integrity of gut mucosa, gut microbiota composition and tumorigenesis. Conclusion The integrated analysis of miRNAs with a high relative abundance in patients with CD showed a combined and superimposed gene expression regulation of enzymes associated with relevant epigenetic mechanisms and that could explain, in part, the pathogenesis of CD.

<p><strong>Introducción: </strong>El uso racional de los medicamentos tiene implicaciones sanitarias de gran importancia, una vez que si se practica la automedicación se generan importantes efectos negativos sobre la salud. Objetivo:<strong> </strong>Describir las creencias en torno a la práctica de la automedicación entre los habitantes con edades de 20 a 59 años de la localidad 2 de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. <strong>Materiales y Métodos:</strong> Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal. La población de estudio fue de 428 personas, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento, cuya información se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva<strong>. Resultados y Discusión: </strong>Los encuestados fueron de sexo femenino (58,6%), de 20-29 años de edad (35%), con formación secundaria completa (29,7%), de procedencia urbana (78%), jefes de hogar (50,2%), en unión libre (44,2%). La prevalencia de la automedicación estuvo en 89,7%. La falta de tiempo (28,3%) y la demora en la atención médica (22,7%) fueron las principales razones para hacerlo. La principal influencia proviene de la familia (49,3%). Los encuestados creen que algunos medicamentos son milagrosos y de efecto rápido; es común el uso de hierbas y plantas medicinales. Los medicamentos de mayor consumo fueron los destinados al tratamiento del dolor (95,1%), junto con los antipiréticos (72,4%) y las vitaminas/minerales (53,7%). <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> La automedicación fue una práctica muy usada y difundida en la población estudiada.</p><p><em><strong>Cómo citar este artículo:</strong></em><em> </em><em>Del Toro M, Díaz A, Barrios Z, Castillo IY. Automedicación y creencias en torno a su práctica en Cartagena, Colombia. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(1): 1509-18.</em><em> </em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.367">http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.367</a></span></em></p>

The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells is regulated through numerous mechanisms, including epigenetic changes and posttranslational modifications. The wide-ranging diversity of these mechanisms constitutes a way of dynamic regulation of the functionality of proteins, their activity, and their subcellular localization as well as modulation of the differential expression of genes in response to external and internal stimuli that allow an organism to respond or adapt to accordingly. However, alterations in these mechanisms have been evidenced in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present review aims to provide an approach to the current knowledge of the implications of these mechanisms in SLE pathophysiology.

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Una opción empresarial para cultivadores de frutas y hortalizas U n i v e r s i d a d S i m ó n B o l í v a r RESUMEN En Colombia, el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) es la entidad encargada de regular la producción y comercialización de bioinsumos de uso agrícola. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los inoculantes biológicos producidos en el país que actúan como biofertilizantes. Para esto se consultó el listado de productos bioinsumos del ICA y se analizó a través Microsoft® Excel2010, y el programa SPSS 21.0® las variables, lugar de producción, ingredientes activos, tipo de formulación, actividad biológica y cultivos autorizados. Se encontró que la mayor producción de inoculantes se concentra en el departamento de Cundinamarca; asimismo, los principales microorganismos utilizados para el desarrollo de estos productos correspondieron a los hongos micorrizcos del género Glomus y Acaulospora, así como a las bacterias Azotobacter chroocoocum y Bradyrhizobium japonicum. La mayor parte de los inoculantes ostenta actividades biológicas varias y se presentan bajo formulación de tipo sólida. El arroz constituye el cultivo más frecuente de aplicación de los inoculantes. El trabajo permitió concluir que hay una nula producción de inoculantes biológicos en la mayoría de departamentos que conforman la región Caribe, en los cuales se producen cultivos de gran importancia para la seguridad alimentaria del país.Palabras clave: Biofertilizantes, rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal, micorrizas arbusculares, Colombia. ABSTRACTIn Colombia, the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) is the entity in charge of regulating the production and commercialization of bioinoculants for agricultural use. The present study had as objec-tive to describe the biological inoculants produced in the country that act as biofertilizers. For this we consulted the ICA bioinoculants products list and were analyzed through Microsoft® Excel 2010 and the program SPSS 21.0® the variables production location, active ingredients, type of formulation, biological activity and authorized crops. It was found that the highest production of inoculants is concentrated in the Cundinamarca department; furthermore, the main microorganisms used for these products development were the mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Glomus and Acaulospora, also the bacteria Azotobacter chroocoocum and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Most inoculants have various biological activities and are presented under a solid type formulation. Rice is the most frequent crop in which inoculants are applied. The work allowed concluding that there is not biological inoculants production in most of Caribbean Region departments in which great importance crops for the country food security are produced.

Introducción: La cirugía es todo procedimiento realizado en quirófano que permite el tratamiento oportuno a patologías y traumatismos; en Colombia un indicador de calidad para el Sistema de Información de salud es la proporción de cancelación de cirugía programada. Materiales y método: Diseñamos un estudio observacional retrospectivo, seleccionando todos los pacientes programados en la Institución Hospitalaria en el periodo de 1 enero 2016 a 31 diciembre de 2016. Un total de 3207 pacientes programados. Se analizaron las cancelaciones en factores atribuibles al paciente, institución y orden médica. Resultados: De los 3207 procedimientos programados 1739 (54,2%) fueron hombres y 1468 (45,8%) mujeres, se programaron procedimientos quirúrgicos entre 6 meses y 116 años de edad, con un promedio de 38 años. Del total de programaciones 244 (7,6%) sufrieron cancelación de la cirugía, los meses con el menor y mayor incidencia de cancelación fue de agosto y noviembre con 9 (3,7%) y 36 (14,8%) respectivamente. La tasa de cancelación por especialidades medico quirúrgicas de manera independiente oscila entre 1 (0,4%) de las especialidades de ginecología oncológica, maxilofacial, urología y 85 (34,8%) de ortopedia.Las causas de cancelación se clasificaron en atribuibles a la institución 93 casos (38,1%), al usuario 99 (40,6) y por orden médica 52 (21,3%). Conclusiones: El 41% de las cancelaciones podrían haber sido evitadas. Recomendamos seguimiento continuo a los pacientes programados, además divulgación de estos estudios a profesionales para el empoderamiento de las responsabilidades y la necesidad de educación a los usuarios que serán intervenidos. Introduction: Surgery is any procedure performed in the operating room that allows timely treatment of pathologies and injuries; in Colombia, an indicator of the quality of the information system is the proportion of scheduled surgery cancellations.Materials and method: We designed a retrospective observational study, selecting all patients scheduled for surgery at the hospital institution from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. A total of 3207 patients were included. We analyzed cases of surgery cancellations because of factors attributable to the patient, institution, and medical order.Results: Of the 3207 scheduled procedures, 1739 (54.2%) were men and 1468 (45.8%) were women. Surgical procedures were scheduled for patients aged between 6 months and 116 years, with an average age of 38 years. Of the scheduled procedures, 244 (7.6%) surgeries were cancelled. The months with the lowest and highest incidences of surgery cancellation were August and November, with 9 (3.7%) and 36 (14.8%) cancellations, respectively. The cancellation rate for surgical specialties independently ranged from 1 (0.4%) for gynecology specialties of oncology, maxillofacial, and urology and 85 (34.8%) for orthopedics.As the causes of cancellation, 93 (38.1%) were attributable to the institution, 99 (40.6) to patients, and 52 (21.3%) to medical orders.Conclusions: In total, 41% of cancellations could have been avoided. We recommend continuous monitoring of scheduled patients, as well as the dissemination of our findings to professionals for the empowerment of responsibilities and the need for education for patients undergoing intervention.

INTRODUCTION: Empathy on nursing education is an important element in therapeutic communication and in the type of humanized care provided, due the strengthening of the nurse-patient relationship depends on this.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of empathy on nursing students of a Higher Education Institution. Cartagena de Indias/Colombia.MATERIAL & METHODS: Cross-sectional exploratory study. A sample of 320 nursing students from first to fourth year of training, to whom the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale (JMES) was applied in the Spanish version.RESULTS: Levels of empathy are reflected more in women than in men in general. However, some values vary with respect to the average at 3.14 levels in relation to the first year of schooling.CONCLUSION: The need for a curricular redesign and favoring empathic actions by professors worthy of being imitated by students as a way of encouraging empathy when caring for patients.

It is necessary to recognize the child as an active moral subject in making decision process related to his health or his participation in research. The taking of informed consent as a communication process should tend to respect the autonomy and dignity of the child considered mature or not, taking their decisions seriously and not just an assent as a normative principle of mere legal aspect. It describes theoretical elements that can be used as tools to have an approach to the moral development of the child from the principle of responsibility according to the degree of emancipation. The objective is to provide a description of the most relevant aspects about the informed consent process in the mature child and their right to be informed to agree or consent. We searched the databases such as: PROQUEST, MEDLINE, LILACS and PUBMED, analyzing 51 articles. For the organization of the information, the SLIDING methodology was used: sort, label, integrate and prioritize. It was concluded that the ability to assent of the child considered mature or not should be evaluated under objective parameters and not simply under the perception of the doctor or researcher. Finally, it is necessary to design strategies to promote the autonomy, respect and dignity of the child based on the same practices at the time of informed consent.