Augmented Reality (AR) on mobile phones has reached a level of maturity where it can be used as a tool for 3D object manipulation. In this paper we look at user interface issues where an AR enabled mobile phone acts as an interaction device. We discuss how traditional 3D manipulation techniques apply to this new platform. The high tangibility of the device and its button interface makes it interesting to compare manipulation techniques. We describe AR manipulation techniques we have implemented on a mobile phone and present a small pilot study evaluating these methods.
In this paper we present an evaluation of several different techniques for virtual object positioning and rotation on a mobile phone. We compare gesture input captured by the phone's front camera, to tangible input, keypad interaction and phone tilting in increasingly complex positioning and rotation tasks in an AR context. Usability experiments found that tangible input techniques are best for translation tasks, while keypad input is best for rotation tasks. Implications for the design of mobile phone 3D interfaces are presented as well as directions for future research.
In this paper we describe a mobile phone based Augmented Reality application for 3D scene assembly. Augmented Reality on mobile phones extends the interaction capabilities on such handheld devices. It adds a 6 DOF isomorphic interaction technique for manipulating 3D content. We give details of an application that we believe to be the first where 3D content can be manipulated using both the movement of a camera tracked mobile phone and a traditional button interface as input for transformations. By centering the scene in a tangible marker space in front of the phone we provide a mean for bimanual interaction. We describe the implementation, the interaction techniques we have developed and initial user response to trying the application.
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