We present an efficient and practical lock-free method for semiautomatic (application-guided) memory reclamation based on reference counting, aimed for use with arbitrary lock-free dynamic data structures. The method guarantees the safety of local as well as global references, supports arbitrary memory reuse, uses atomic primitives that are available in modern computer systems, and provides an upper bound on the amount of memory waiting to be reclaimed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first lock-free method that provides all of these properties. We provide analytical and experimental study of the method. The experiments conducted have shown that the method can also provide significant performance improvements for lock-free algorithms of dynamic data structures that require strong memory management.
We present an efficient and practical lock-free implementation of a memory reclamation scheme based on reference counting, aimed for use with arbitrary lock-free dynamic data structures. The scheme guarantees the safety of local as well as global references, supports arbitrary memory reuse, uses atomic primitives which are available in modern computer systems and provides an upper bound on the memory prevented for reuse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first lock-free algorithm that provides all of these properties. Experimental results indicate significant performance improvements for lock-free algorithms of dynamic data structures that require strong garbage collection support.1 A compare-and-swap operation that can atomically update two adjacent memory words, which is available in some 32-bit and very few 64-bit architectures.
Modern multiprocessor systems offer advanced synchronization primitives, built in hardware, to support the development of efficient parallel algorithms. In this article, we develop a simple and efficient algorithm, the READERSFIELD algorithm, for atomic registers (variables) of arbitrary length. The simplicity and better complexity of the algorithm is achieved via the utilization of two such common synchronization primitives. In this article, we also experimentally evaluate the performance of our algorithm, together with lock-based approaches and a practical, previously known algorithm that is based only on read and write primitives. The experimental evaluation is performed on three well-known parallel architectures. This evaluation clearly shows that both algorithms are practical and that as the size of the register increases the READERSFIELD algorithm performs better, following its analytical evaluation.
Abstract. A lock-free FIFO queue data structure is presented in this paper. The algorithm supports multiple producers and multiple consumers and weak memory models. It has been designed to be cache-aware and work directly on weak memory models. It utilizes the cache behavior in concert with lazy updates of shared data, and a dynamic lock-free memory management scheme to decrease unnecessary synchronization and increase performance. Experiments on an 8-way multi-core platform show significantly better performance for the new algorithm compared to previous fast lock-free algorithms.
Abstract. The potential of multiprocessor systems is often not fully realized by their system services. Certain synchronization methods, such as lock-based ones, may limit the parallelism. It is significant to see the impact of wait/lock-free synchronization design in key services for multiprocessor systems, such as the memory allocation service. Efficient, scalable memory allocators for multithreaded applications on multiprocessors is a significant goal of recent research projects.We propose a lock-free memory allocator, to enhance the parallelism in the system. Its architecture is inspired by Hoard, a successful concurrent memory allocator, with a modular, scalable design that preserves scalability and helps avoiding false-sharing and heap blowup. Within our effort on designing appropriate lock-free algorithms to construct this system, we propose a new non-blocking data structure called flat-sets, supporting conventional "internal" operations as well as "inter-object" operations, for moving items between flat-sets.We implemented the memory allocator in a set of multiprocessor systems (UMA Sun Enterprise 450 and ccNUMA Origin 3800) and studied its behaviour. The results show that the good properties of Hoard w.r.t. false-sharing and heap-blowup are preserved, while the scalability properties are enhanced even further with the help of lock-free synchronization.
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