This paper endeavours to capture the broad configuration of demographic evolution of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada from the early contacts with Europeans to the present. The main stages thereof are identified and the underlying factors explored, against the historical background of Aboriginal and European civilisations' encounter. While taking stock of the past, the paper takes a glimpse into the future. It concludes with a review of demographicallydriven policy issues that the First Nations are likely to confront as they step into the 21s Century.
After more than a decade of treatment, IFNβ-1b offers good results by reducing relapses and slowing disability progression. Several biomarkers can be used to assess the patient's response. High levels of IL_17 and TNFα will indicate a more active form of the disease. IL-25 may exert a positive influence in male MS patients and should be considered for future studies, together with the co-modulation between sCD40L and IL_31. Our method allowed us to screen the peripheral immune panel and can be used for assessing the peripheral levels of the above-mentioned cytokines.
1. The serum level of MMP9 significantly decreased by NAT treatment and correlates with MS activity; 2. After eight months of NAT treatment, the MMPs signature and the MMP9/MMP2 ratio decreased; 3. MMP9 might be used as a biomarker in MS patients treated with NAT.
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