Based on concordant differences in morphology, male advertisement call, and 16S mtDNA barcode distance, we describe a new species of Proceratophrys from southern Amazonia, in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil. The new species is most similar to P. concavitympanum and P. ararype but differs from these species by its proportionally larger eyes and features of the advertisement call. Additionally, genetic distance between the new species and its congeners is 3.0–10.4% based on a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, which is greater than the threshold typically characterizing distinct species of anurans. Using an integrative approach (molecular, bioacoustics, and adult morphology), we were able to distinguish the new species from other congeneric species. The new species is known only from the type locality where it is threatened by illegal logging and gold mining as well as hydroelectric dams.
Physalaemus feioi is a South American frog endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest that occurs in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. We evaluated sexual dimorphism, female fertility, and diet of P. feioi from two locations in the state of Minas Gerais, including the type locality of the species. We collected 73 individuals (16 adult females and 57 adult males). The number of oocytes of P. feioi (x̅ = 1385 ±498.13) was higher than in other species of the genus, such as P. maculiventris, P. signifer, P. cuvieri, and P. ephippifer, but it resembles that of P. centralis, P. kroyeri, and P. marmoratus. The prey items with the highest index of importance were Coleoptera (IIR = 24.26) and Formicidae (IIR = 16.46). We found no sex differences regarding the number of ingested prey and the volume of the stomach contents. In summary, Physalaemus feioi was similar to other species of the genus regarding sexual dimorphism, fecundity, and feeding habits.
We provide the record of Ischnocnema oea in the municipality of Muriaé, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. This is the first record of this species in Minas Gerais, extending the know distribution of I. oea around 227 km southwest from its type locality.
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