This thesis consists of an overview and of the following publications which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals.

Semiconductor nanowires are of interest as light emitters in applications such as light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. Due to the three-dimensional geometry in combination with a size comparable to the wavelength of the emitted light, nanowires have shown strong scattering effects for the emitted light. Here, we demonstrate with electromagnetic modeling that the emission properties of nanowires/nanocones show a complicated dependence on the geometry of the nanowire/nanocone, the shape and position of the emitter region, and the polarization of the emitter. We show that with proper design, the extraction efficiency can close in on 80% for as-grown single nanowires/nanocones. Importantly, we demonstrate how the internal quantum efficiency of the emitter plays a large role in the design process. A considerably different geometry design approach should be undertaken at low and high internal quantum efficiency. Due to the complicated design optimization, we strongly recommend the use of electromagnetic modeling of the emission to give guidance for suitable designs before starting the fabrication and processing of nanowire/nanocone-based light emitters.

The growth of self‐catalyzed GaAs nanowires (NWs) and monolithic light‐emitting diode (LED) directly on flexible plastic substrates is reported. Dense GaAs NW forest is attained in self‐catalyzed mode using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The NWs are shown to be crystalline with a zinc‐blende phase. The optical properties of the GaAs NWs are found to be promising in both photoluminescence emission and light‐trapping based on reflectance and transmittance measurements. The LED is fabricated from p‐type NWs by depositing Au as Ohmic contact and TiO2/ITO as an electron‐selective contact. The demonstrated NW growth and LED fabrication represent a significant step toward low‐cost, industrially feasible flexible III–V NW optoelectronic applications, as plastic is inexpensive, and the fabrication steps are compatible with roll‐to‐roll processing.

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Взаимодействие фитиновой кислоты в водной среде с гидрохлоридом глюкозамина приводит к образованию комплексов фитиновой кислоты и глюкозамина InsP6 • 5ГА, состав которых доказан элементным анализом по содержанию углерода, водорода, азота и фосфора. Методами ИК, 1H, 13C и 31P ЯМР спектроскопии и потенциометрического титрования показано, что комплексы фитиновой кислоты с глюкозамином образуются за счет водородного связывания и электростатического взаимодействия по типу солевых комплексов. В исследованиях in vitro на плазме крови человека в условиях окислительного стресса для комплексов InsP6H12 с глюкозамином доказаны высокое антиоксидантное действие по отношению к процессам липопероксидации и положительное влияние на активность супероксиддисмутазы.