A new accessible sonochemical assembly method is developed for the preparation of photoluminescent oil-filled silica@CuS/CuO/CuO-graphene oxide (GO) microspheres that emit light of green, yellow, and red colors. This method is based on the ultrasonic emulsification of a biphasic mixture consisting of CuS/CuO/CuO-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (aqueous phase) and tetraethyl orthosilicate with sunflower oil (organic phase). CuS/CuO/CuO-GO nanocomposites are composed of sonochemically formed three phases of copper: covellite CuS (p-type semiconductor), cuprite CuO (Bloch p-type semiconductor), and CuO (charge-transfer insulator). The photoluminescence properties of microspheres result from H-bridging between PVA and CuS/CuO/CuO-GO nanostructures, light absorption ability of CuO, and charge-transfer insulation by CuO. Substitution of PVA by S-containing methylene blue quenches fluorescence by enhanced dye adsorption on CuS/CuO/CuO-GO because of CuS and induced charge transfer. Non-S-containing malachite green is in a nonionized form and tends to be in the oil phase, prohibiting the charge transfer on CuS/CuO/CuO-GO.

A single-step ultrasonic method (20 kHz) is demonstrated for the formation of acetylsalicylic acid-Fe3O4-graphene oxide nanocomposites (∼80 nm) in aqueous solution. The electronic molecular structure of these nanocomposites is stable in acidic or basic aqueous medium. Coating of these nanocomposites with poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) occurs through increased binding with drug, magnetite, Fe­(II)–C–O and carbonaceous network of graphene oxide. PVA-coated-acetylsalicylic acid-Fe3O4-GO nanocomposites substantially improve acetylation of pristine ascorbic acid than free unmodified drug or uncoated acetylsalicylic acid-Fe3O4-GO nanoparticles because of enhanced electron density through the presence of magnetite and graphene oxide, and specific binding of PVA with drug and ascorbic acid.

A single-step ultrasonic method (20 kHz, 18 W/ cm 2 ) is demonstrated for the functionalization of pristine nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: acetylsalicylic acid and diclofenac with preformed graphene-oxide-coated CuO nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are positively charged and have a flower-like morphology with a mean size of <340 nm consisting of a pure CuO phase. Ultrasound causes complexation of each drug with these nanoparticles, and as a consequence, new advanced pharmaceutical nanocomposites, acetylsalicylic-acid−grapheneoxide-coated CuO and diclofenac−graphene-oxide-coated CuO, are formed. The surface composition and electronic molecular structure of these nanocomposites are modified at pH values from 1 to 8 through the specific interactions involving Cu−O, C−H, and H-bond formation with the carboxylic and carbonyl groups of acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, and graphene oxide.

A single-step ultrasonic method (20 kHz) is demonstrated for the complexation of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)–ZnO–graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles with an average size of <70 nm in aqueous solution. ASA–ZnO–GO more efficiently inhibits the growth of probiotic Escherichia coli strain M-17 and exhibits enhanced antioxidant properties than free ASA and ASA–ZnO in neutralization of hydroxyl radicals in the electro-Fenton process. This improved function of ASA in the ASA–ZnO–GO can be attributed to the well-defined cone-shaped morphology, the surface structure containing hydroxyl and carboxylate groups of ZnO–GO nanoparticles, which facilitated the complexation with ASA.

This work aims at the formation of nanocomposites based on graphene and metal oxides (copper-iron, zinc and iron) through ultrasonic interaction (20 kHz) and investigation of their electromagnetic properties by scanning electron microscopy, Raman and absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence methods. The output of this work implies the development of a single-step ultrasound method to form functional Cu/Fe-, ZnO-and Fe3O4-polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites, and the ultrasonic conjugation of these nanocomposites with pristine drugs, such as ketorolac and acetylsalicylic acid. We established that formed Cu/Fe-graphene-ketorolac, ZnO-grapheneacetylsalicylic acid and Fe3O4-ketorolac obtain optical and superparamagnetic properties of nanoparticles with improved electromagnetic characteristics due to ultrasonic conjugation. Cu/Fe-graphene-ketorolac nanocomposites are revealed to have a spherical shape (< 100 nm) and acquire improved optoelectronic properties due to copper and iron atoms in the matrix of graphene. It is demonstrated that ZnO-graphene-acetylsalicylic acid nanocomposites obtain properties of fluorescence mainly for electromagnetic interaction with the ZnO phase formed on the surface of graphene. Ultrasonic conjugation of ketorolac with magnetite proved to increase the electron density of Fe3O4-ketorolac that obtains superparamagnetic properties, and its biocompatibility can be improved when coated with polyvinyl alcohol. In general, formed nanocomposites are of great interest in medical electronics and nanomedicine as functional materials with electromagnetic properties being controlled at the molecular and atomic levels. Such nanocomposites can also find application as components in electronic devices for diagnosis and treatment of serious inflammatory disorders. Industries will find the singlestep ultrasound method of special interest because it is eco-friendly and can be scaled up by a versatile spectrum of inorganic and organic materials and drugs.