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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a valuable source for regenerative therapy and tissue engineering. MSCs are multipotent adherent stem cells that can be isolated from different adult and fetal tissues. In contrast to human MSCs, MSCs from large animal models have not yet been described by the uniform criteria, which include the characteristic phenotype of surface molecules, expression of stemness markers and differentiation potencies. The current review describes state of the art for characterization for MSCs from three species of domestic ungulates, including cattle (Bos taurus), swine (Sus scrofa) and sheep (Ovis aries). The comparative analysis of surface phenotype, gene expression and differentiation capacities of MSCs from different origins allows defi ning the consensus phenotype of bovine, ovine and porcine MSCs. We also discuss the major data discrepancies and pitfalls that are complicating the successful research of MScs from domestic livestock. This review emphasizes the pressing need for the unifi cation of mesenchymal stem cell criteria in the veterinary fi eld.

EEG parameters were analyzed in a wide frequency range for the estimation of the possible func tional importance of different EEG components in the formation of relaxation. Sixty five subjects aged 17-20 years were involved in the investigation. The relaxation session with monopolar EEG recording and auto nomic parameters recording was carried out for each subject. During the relaxation significant changes were observed in all analyzed EEG ranges. Two types of changes of EEG coherence in the wakefulness-relaxation shift of state were distinguished, and correlation of the type of dynamics with the LF/HF ratio, showing the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system, was found.