Reorganization of Actin Cytoskeleton and Microtubule Array during the Chondrogenesis of Bovine MSCs

Tvorogova, Anna; Kovaleva, Anastasia; Saidova, Aleena A.

doi:10.9734/arrb/2018/45687

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…18 We have reported that main changes of MT array within chondrogenic commitment are the loss of radial pattern and formation of numerous noncentrosomal MTs growing transversely to the cell radius. 89 Similar rearrangement of radial MT pattern in MSCs into the basket-like structures around the nucleus has been reported for mature chondrocytes. 117 During adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived MSCs MTs also assemble around the nucleus, form the cobweb-like structure, and later translocate into the peripheral cytoplasm.…”

Section: Microtubulessupporting

confidence: 67%

“…87,88 Common to undifferentiated MSCs thin elongated stress fibers growing mainly parallel to the long cell axis transform into the discontinuous networklike structure around the oil droplets when cells are committed to adipogenesis, form thick actin bundles at the outermost periphery of osteocytes or thin chaotic network of microfilaments in chondrocytes. 18,89 Early reports showed that stiffness of osteoblasts is higher than MSCs and chondrocytes 90,91 and supported the hypothesis that a decrease in cellular rigidity after the depolymerization of actin filaments favors adipogenesis or chondrogenesis, whereas stimulation of actin polymerization enhances the osteogenic commitment of MSCs. [16][17][18]92 Recently, direct studies using SiR-actin as a fluorescent tracer in living cells show that within minutes after induction of adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, F-actin turnover is impaired, but during osteogenic differentiation, it remains relatively fast and does not change from the basal level in proliferating MSCs.…”

Section: Actin Filamentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Lineage Commitment, Signaling Pathways, and the Cytoskeleton Systems in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Saidova

Vorobjev

2020

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult tissues are promising candidates for personalized cell therapy and tissue engineering. Significant progress was achieved in our understanding of the regulation of MSCs proliferation and differentiation by different cues during the past years. Proliferation and differentiation of MSCs are sensitive to the extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, physical cues, and chemical signaling. Sheath stress, matrix stiffness, surface adhesiveness, and micro-and nanotopography define cell shape and dictate lineage commitment of MSCs even in the absence of specific chemical signals. We discuss mechanotransduction as the major route from ECM through the cytoskeleton toward signaling pathways and gene expression. All components of the cytoskeleton from primary cilium and focal adhesions (FAs) to actin, microtubules (MTs), and intermediate filaments (IFs) are involved in the mechanotransduction. Differentiation of MSCs is regulated via the complex network of interrelated signaling pathways, including RhoA/ROCK, Akt/Erk, and YAP/TAZ effectors of Hippo pathway. These pathways could be regulated both by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Attenuation of these pathways in MSCs results in specific changes in FAs and actin cytoskeleton. Besides, differentiation of MSCs affects MTs and IFs. Recent findings highlight the role of intranuclear actin in the regulation of transcription factors in response to mechanical environmental stimuli. Alterations of cytoskeletal components reflect the MSC senescence state and their migratory capacity. In this review, we discuss the relationships between the molecular interactions in signaling pathways and morphological response of cytoskeletal components and reveal the complex interrelations between cytoskeleton systems and signaling pathways during lineage commitment of MSCs.

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Section: Microtubulessupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Actin Filamentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Lineage Commitment, Signaling Pathways, and the Cytoskeleton Systems in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Saidova

Vorobjev

2020

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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“…Actin-disrupting drugs induce the degradation of actin filaments, which reduces actin density at the cortical region and eventually renders cells softer [27,28]. Thin and long actin filaments extend parallel to the long axis in undifferentiated or control cells, whereas the actin cytoskeleton reorganizes into a disrupted meshwork around the oil droplet in cells undergoing adipogenic differentiation [29,30]. Osteogenic cells present comparatively thick bundled fibers at the periphery.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Khan

Fan

et al. 2020

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. An increasing number of studies have indicated that lineage commitment by MSCs is influenced by actin remodeling. Moreover, actin has roles in determining cell shape, nuclear shape, cell spreading, and cell stiffness, which eventually affect cell differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation is promoted in MSCs that exhibit a large spreading area, increased matrix stiffness, higher levels of actin polymerization, and higher density of stress fibers, whereas adipogenic differentiation is prevalent in MSCs with disrupted actin networks. In addition, the mechanical properties of F-actin empower cells to sense and transduce mechanical stimuli, which are also reported to influence differentiation. Various biomaterials, mechanical, and chemical interventions along with pathogeninduced actin alteration in the form of polymerization and depolymerization in MSC differentiation were studied recently. This review will cover the role of actin and its modifications through the use of different methods in inducing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.

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“…However, reorganization of the microtubule array was essential to the chondrogenesis of bovine MSCs. 28 We noticed that the chondrocytes derived from SCFP-ASCs had directional tubulin orientation, whereas the arrangement of the tubulin network was different in the IPFP-ASC-differentiated chondrocytes, revealing that the modulation of tubulin in chondrogenic induction may be influenced by the location from which ASCs are harvested (Fig. 4B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Infrapatellar Fat Pads–Derived Stem Cell Is a Favorable Cell Source for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study Based on 3D Organized Self-Assembled Biomimetic Scaffold

et al. 2021

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Objective Adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising source of cells for articular cartilage regeneration. However, ASCs isolated from different adipose tissue depots have heterogeneous cell characterizations and differentiation potential when cultured in 3-dimensional (3D) niches. Design We compared the chondrogenicity of ASCs isolated from infrapatellar fat pads (IPFPs) and subcutaneous fat pads (SCFPs) in 3D gelatin-based biomimetic matrix. Results The IPFP-ASC-differentiated chondrocytes had higher ACAN, COL2A1, COL10, SOX6, SOX9, ChM-1, and MIA-3 mRNA levels and lower COL1A1 and VEGF levels than the SCFP-ASCs in 3D matrix. The difference in mRNA profile may have contributed to activation of the Akt, p38, RhoA, and JNK signaling pathways in the IPFP-ASCs. The chondrocytes differentiated from IPFP-ASCs had pronounced glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II production and a high chondroitin-6-sulfate/chondroitin-4-sulfate ratio with less polymerization of β-actin filaments. In an ex vivo mice model, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a shorter T2 relaxation time, indicating that more abundant extracellular matrix was secreted in the IPFP-ASC–matrix group. Histological examinations revealed that the IPFP-ASC matrix had higher chondrogenic efficacy of new cartilaginous tissue generation as evident in collagen type II and S-100 staining. Conclusion. ASCs isolated from IPFPs may be better candidates for cartilage regeneration, highlighting the translational potential of cartilage tissue engineering using the IPFP-ASC matrix technique.

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Reorganization of Actin Cytoskeleton and Microtubule Array during the Chondrogenesis of Bovine MSCs

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Lineage Commitment, Signaling Pathways, and the Cytoskeleton Systems in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Lineage Commitment, Signaling Pathways, and the Cytoskeleton Systems in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Infrapatellar Fat Pads–Derived Stem Cell Is a Favorable Cell Source for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study Based on 3D Organized Self-Assembled Biomimetic Scaffold

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