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Background: This study analysed through the perspective of networks the association between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight low-income schoolchildren from the perspective of complex systems. Methods: The sample consisted of 41 overweight children between 6 and 10 years old (56% girls). PA and SB were analysed by accelerometer, and the measures of cardiovascular factor risk were: anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements, body fat, lipid profile and glucose, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), left ventricular mass (LVM), and Sokolow–Lyon. Network analysis with Bootstrap-1000 was performed to analyse the association between PA, SB and the cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Moderate-to-vigorous PA was positive related to waist circumference (WC; 0.499), HDL-C (0.307), and CRF (0.276), and negatively associated with BMI (−0.251) and Fat (−0.341). For SB, positive associations were seen with WC (0.326), CRF (0.296), LVM (0.250) and Sokolow (0.215). In addition, the centrality indicators highlighted WC as the most important variable in the network. Conclusion: Interventions that aim to mitigate the harmful effects of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight children should consider WC as an important variable in the system.

This study analysed through the perspective of networks the association between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight low-income schoolchildren from the perspective of complex systems. Methods: The sample consisted of 41 overweight children between 6 and 10 years old (56% girls). PA and SB were analysed by accelerometer, and the measures of cardiovascular factor risk were: anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements, body fat, lipid profile and glucose, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), left ven-tricular mass (LVM), and Sokolov-Lyon. Network analysis with Boot-strap-1000 was performed to analyze the association between PA, SB and the cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Moderate to vigorous PA was positive related with Waist circumference (WC; 0.499), HDL-C (0.307), and CRF (0.276), and negatively associated with BMI (-0.251) and Fat (-0.341). For SB, positive associations were seen with WC (0.326), CRF (0.296), LVM (0.250) and Sokolov (0.215). Adicionalment, the centrality indicators highlighted WC as the most important variable in the network. Conclu-sion: Interventions that aim to mitigate the harmful effects of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight children should consider WC as an important variable in of system.

<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p> <p><b>BACKGROUND:</b> Little is known on how relocations of time spent in different movement behaviours during pre-school hours could relate to preschooler’s fundamental movement skills (FMS), a key predictor of later physical activity (PA). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether the school-time composition was associated with FMS; and to investigate predicted differences in FMS when a fixed duration of time was reallocated from one activity behaviour to another in preschool children. <b>METHODS:</b> A cross-sectional representative data of an intervention study with Brazilian low-income preschoolers. Two hundred and four preschoolers of both sexes (4.5±0.8 years-old; 101boys) provided 10 hours of school-time objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS assessments (TGMD-2). Association of school-time composition of movement behaviuors with FMS and its reallocations during school-time was explored using compositional analysis in R (version 1.40-1), robCompositions (version 0.92-7), and lmtest (version 0.9-35) packages. <b>RESULTS:</b> The isotemporal reallocation showed that for manipulative skills, an increasing pattern was observed (0.14, 0.28, and 0.42-units) when reallocating 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively, from light PA to SB. <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> The current study highlights that school-time composition is a significant predictor of FMS. Moreover, a modest increase in SB, at the expense of LPA, during the school-time may elicit a positive change in manipulative skills. </p>