The interaction between incompressible fluids and elastic and rigid boundaries is seen in many medical, engineering and natural issues. The immersed interface method is used as a non-conforming meshes method to simulate such problems. In this method, the effect of the presence of a body immersed in a fluid is considered by adding a force term to the Navier-Stokes equations. An important advantage of this method is that there is no compulsion to adapt the fluid grids and the boundary grids. First, the flow around a circular cylinder was simulated. As the Reynolds number rises, the vortex dimensions become larger and, as a result, the separation angle of the flow increases. Also, with the Reynolds number increasing, the drag coefficient decreases and the Strouhal number increases and the flow separated from cylinder and two symmetrical vortices is generated behind the cylinder. Then, the behavior of an elastic boundary in shear flow was investigated. It was observed that by increasing bending modulus (increasing stiffness) of body the shape change of the boundary decreases. As well as the tank-treading motion is also observed that this type of movement has been confirmed in experiments.Also observed that the sick cell makes smaller defor-mation, while the normal cell is more deformed and easier passes the stenosis. This results in reduction of the flow rate in stenosis.This behavior is caused by a type of dis-ease called sickle cell anemia.
Today, sintering considers one of the significant processes that can be used in powder technology to produce a new solid product from powders using thermal energy. Many parameters can be successfully controlled by this process such as temperature, Particle size, process time, structure geometry, powder density, and powder composition. Study and analysis of the behavior of powder during the sintering process was carried out using finite element methods. The simulation provides two styles of discrete method and Qusi-static method. This research contributes to two types of processes in order to simulate the copper powder during the sintering process and to determine the variation by using contact and shrinkage ratios of powder behaviors. Finally, a comparison between the two styles of discrete element method explains how the selected parameters were impacted on the sintering process.
Solid state joining techniques are increasingly used in joining different types of materials, in this work TP347HFG austenitic stainless steel will be welded with HiPerFer ferritic stainless-steel alloy due to their similarity in their properties to some extent after making heat treatment to ferritic alloy in addition to difference in their cost which save for economic reasons. In this work, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed. The thermal analysis and profiles between process parameters were predicted by using an ANSYS software tool. Design of experiments by Anova was used to examinate the simulation results and to evaluate contribution ratio of each parameter on responses, while grey relational analysis was used to specify the optimum trial. It was observed that trial 11 give best results (A4B2C1D1) which got higher grey relational grade. It was concluded that the friction pressure and friction time have more impact on interface temperature, whereas forging pressure and friction time affect the equivalent Von-Mises stress directly. The speed and forging pressure have a more influence on total deformation. It was also concluded that the temperature was fade out by diverging toward the end of specimen and the amount of decrease in temperature is less in ferritic side. The amount of flash extruded from both steels are approximately similar due to similarity in properties as heat treatment of ferritic alloy had been achieved. The investigation results show that trial 8 achieved highest Von-Mises stress (300 MPa) while trial 7 induced lower stress (255 MPa), maximum deformation was found equivalent to 0.012 mm with trial 16 whereas, it was found (0.008 mm) with trial 11 which were both less than the allowable deformation in end application. Tensile strength of weld joint was found equivalent to 80% of softer base metal. The hardness of optimum trial was equivalent to 156 HB.
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