In this study, the in situ sol–gel method has been deployed to prepare the titanium dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (TiO 2 /MWCNTs) nanocomposite (NCs) powders with varying content of MWCNTs (0.01–1.0 wt %), to construct the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). First, binder-free NCs were deposited on a transparent-conducting F:SnO 2 (FTO) glass substrate by a doctor-blade technique and then anchored with Ru(II)-based dyes to either N719 or ruthenium phthalocyanine (RuPc). The structural and optical properties and interconnectivity of the materials within the composite are investigated thoroughly by various spectral techniques (XRD, XPS, Raman, FT-IR, and UV–vis), electron microscopy (HRTEM), and BET analysis. The experimental results suggest that the ratio of MWCNTs and TiO 2 in NCs, morphology, and their interconnectivity influenced their structural, optical, and photovoltaic properties significantly. Finally, the photovoltaic performances of the assembled DSSCs with different content of MWCNTs to TiO 2 films anchored with two different dyes were tested under one sun irradiation (100 mW/cm 2 ). The measured current–voltage ( IV ) curve and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra of TiO 2 /0.1 wt % MWCNTs (T@0.1 C) for N719 dye show three times more power conversion efficiency (η = 6.21%) which is opposed to an efficiency (η = 2.07%) of T@0.1 C for RuPc dye under the same operating conditions.

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Herein, a protocol strategy has been designed for the preparation of ternary silver nanoparticles-supported polyaniline multiwalled carbon nanotube (Ag NPs–PANI/MWCNT) nanocomposites with a chemical interaction for catalytic and antibacterial activity. The morphological study confirmed that Ag NPs were immobilized on the surface of PANI, and afterward, Ag NPs–PANI were mixed with the MWCNTs. The X-ray diffraction technique revealed the face-centered cubic structure of Ag NPs, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study revealed the chemical constituent and signature of π–π* and C–N interactions in the nanocomposites. The ternary Ag NPs–PANI/MWCNTs nanocomposites have the apparent rate of reaction (K app) as 5.4 × 10–3 s–1, higher than binary nanocomposites for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol at room temperature. Antibacterial activity of Ag NPs–PANI/MWCNT nanocomposites is higher against pathogenic bacteria. Thereafter, because of multifold applications of ternary nanocomposites, they have a broad scope in the field of environmental and healthcare sectors.

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