A superficial composite layer was produced by friction stir surfacing (FSS) on high strength bainitic steel, cold sprayed with the Cu-Y2O3-ZrO2 and Zn-Y2O3-ZrO2 metal-oxide powders. The FSS resulted consolidation of the elemental powders in the cold sprayed (CS) layer with some melting of Zn and Cu. The formation of a continuous, adherent layer on the steel surface facilitates closing of large pores at the coating-substrate interface. The consolidated layer on the steel surface showed comminution of the coarse oxide particles and concomitant reduction in the average particle size. The FSS resulted in a composite layer consisting of the hard martensite structure up to 0.4 mm from the surface. The region just below the top solidified layer exhibited the soft ferrite and pearlite structure with narrow microstructural bands of fine martensite. The net torque and in-plane forces for the composite layer production are significantly different from the Zn and Cu cold sprayed layers.
: Concrete is one of the ancient and mostly used building materials. It is widely used throughout the world because of its versatility, it is plastic and flexible when recently mixed, and get strong and hard when solidified. It is easy in casting and has a high compressive strength. Having so many advantages although it has some major drawbacks also as it starts cracking and after sometime it gets deteriorate. This is the major drawback of concrete as it results in loss of strength and a heavy maintenance is required for curing the cracks which also takes a lot of time, care and money. This all can be saved by using self healing concrete. Self-Healing concrete (SHC) is a progressive building material that has the answer for every one of these issues and is unquestionably the building material of the not so distant future. Accordingly, we have to comprehend its properties and component and predict how it impacts the engineering plans of an opportunity to come, which standers are expected to make useful and aesthetic structures and constructions.
Socially intelligent robots are a priority for large manufacturing companies that want to deploy collaborative robots in many countries around the world. This paper presents an approach to robot motion generation in which a human demonstration is imitated, collisions are avoided, and a "style" is applied to subtly modify the feasible motion. The framework integrates three subsystems to create a holistic method that navigates the trade-off between form and function. The first subsystem uses depth camera information to track a human skeleton and create a low dimensional motion model. The second subsystem applies these angles to a simulated UR3 robot, modifying them to produce a feasible trajectory. The generated trajectory avoids physically infeasible configurations and collisions with the environment, while remaining as close to the original demonstration as possible. The final subsystem applies four style parameters, based on prior work using Laban Effort Factors, to endow the trajectory with a specific "style". This approach creates adaptive robot behavior in which one human demonstration can result in many subtly different robot motions. The effectiveness of the hybrid approach, which considers functional as well as expressive goals, is demonstrated on three environments of increasing clutter. As expected, in more cluttered environments, the desired imitation is not as pronounced as in unconstrained environments. Potential applications of this framework include programming robot motion on a factory floor with greater efficiency as well as creating feasible motion on multiple robots with a single demonstration. This quantitative work highlights the Function/Expression duality named in the Laban/Bartenieff Movement System, illuminating how the arts are critical for "practical" spaces like the factory. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Collaborative and social computing devices; Interaction design process and methods; Collaborative interaction.
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