One of the technologies that can produce a high number of fish in limited land and water is biofloc. Adapting biofloc technology in Indonesia from laboratory to industrial scale requires several improvements. This study aims to optimize biofloc technology and to reduce production costs. A series of research activities to increase the productivity of tilapia by biofloc technology have been carried out using superior seeds variety, proper application of stocking densities, type and volume of tank/pond, and the seed size at the stocking. Feed efficiency, productivity, survival rate, specific growth rate, and economic parameters were observed. Using tilapia superior seed can increase biomass by 4% compared to Nirwana II tilapia variety. The best seed density that can be used is 75-80 fish/m3, it is related to the appropriate type or volume of the round tank, which is 10 m3. The correlation value (R2) between the size of the initial seed and the observed parameters were 0.9439 (specific weight gain rate); 0.5841 (feed efficiency); 0.4880 (productivity) and 0.4789 (survival rate). Optimization of biofloc technology can save production costs up to 38.41 %. The value of the R/C ratio is 2.03.
The decreasing productivity and increasing environmental pressure on intensive tilapia culture in open waters, especially in floating net cages, have forced the development of a biofloc system for tilapia farming. This study aimed to develop the superior tilapia strain suitable for the biofloc system and to observe their productivity and economic profitability under commercial scale in the biofloc system. The selective breeding activity was carried out on 100 families reared and mated in hapa (a double-walled contrivance in which an inner hapa, made of mosquito netting material, is installed within an outer one made of whole cloth) in the biofloc pond for three generations. The individual selection was conducted at the age of 6 months on the characters of standard length and body weight with the best 10% of the top part of the population as a reference for the formation of the next generation. After three generations, the offspring obtained from mass spawning were grown out in round-limen ponds and square-concrete ponds for productivity and profitability observations. The results showed that heritability values of the biofloc tilapia strain were 0.4196 (standard length, SL) and 0.4898 (body weight, BW). The average response selection of BW and SL was 13.04% and 6.11%, respectively. Biomass gain was obtained between 19.29–28.83 kg/m3. The production multiply value was 8.07-13.59x. The average daily weight growth was between 2.8g-3.0g. The Benefit-Cost ratio is valued from 1.81 to 2.71. The superior tilapia biofloc strain has a moderate heritability value. When it is raised in a biofloc ponds system at different volumes, it significantly affects the productivity on biomass, body weight, and multiplication value. Also, it is advantageous when applied on an industrial scale.
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