A compact double line substrate integrated waveguide (DLSIW) cavity backed antenna is realized using half mode SIW technology for WLAN applications. The existing single line SIW antennas for WLAN applications have low gain and less efficiency. To overcome this limitation, DLSIW structure is proposed. The new DLSIW structure simultaneously achieves better gain, radiation efficiency, and good front to back ratio (FTBR) with compact size. To improve the FTBR, ground extension is made. The size reduction of the proposed design is implemented with half mode SIW topology. The gain and efficiency improved new DLSIW antenna is fabricated using FR4 material and it resonates at 5.27GHz WLAN frequency. The size of antenna is 44 mm × 18.75 mm × 1.6 mm and it has the gain of 5.824 dB. The radiation efficiency and FTBR of the antenna are 69.13% and 13.65 dB, respectively. The design is experimentally tested and compared with earlier WLAN antennas. There is a better accordance between simulated and measured results.
A compact and broadband reflective polarization rotation meta surface (PRMS) with high polarization conversion ratio (PCR) and radar cross section (RCS) reduction is proposed. A linearly polarized incident electromagnetic (EM) wave is reflected with 90° polarization rotation using the proposed PRMS. The reflective PRMS unit cell consists of complementary stacked quasi fractal patch along with logarithmic stepped patch. This reflective PRMS is printed on stacked FR4 substrates covered by FR4 superstrate and is backed by a ground plane. The patches are connected to the metallic ground using non symmetric metallic vias and the overall dimension of the unit cell in terms of its minimum operating wavelength is only 0.088λ0 × 0.088λ0 × 0.082λ0. A polarization bandwidth of 97.69% with a maximum PCR of 99% is achieved. Further, the proposed reflective PRMS is arranged periodically in a checkerboard surface to obtain a broadband RCS reduction of 10 dB in the required band. A prototype of the checkerboard surface is fabricated and tested for the validation of simulation results. A good pact is obtained between the simulation and experimental results.
A novel L‐shape stepped polarization rotation reflective surface (PRRS) for achieving broadband radar cross section (RCS) reduction of a microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The proposed PRRS consists of two scaled pairs of L‐shape stepped patches and is printed on FR4 substrate backed by a metallic ground plane. The arrangement of PRRS in four orthogonal directions around the microstrip patch antenna reduces RCS in a broad frequency range of 7.07 GHz‐11.06 GHz. To understand the RCS reduction throughout the entire frequency band, angled slot is introduced in the microstrip patch antenna to provide frequency shift. The microstrip patch antenna with RCS reduction is fabricated and tested. The experimental results reveal that the proposed PRRS intensely reduces the microstrip patch antenna RCS by a maximum of 35 dB with improved radiation characteristics like gain, directivity and radiation efficiency.
Radar cross-section (RCS) reduction using a wideband dual logarithmic step patch polarization rotation reflective meta-surface (PRRM) in microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The investigation proposes the use of designed PRRM to construct a low profile microstrip patch antenna with multiband operation, circular polarization, monostatic RCS reduction in a wider bandwidth, and virtually constant gain over the entire RCS reduction bandwidth. A dual logarithmic step patch PRRM unit cell element with FR 4 superstrate is presented and it provides a relative bandwidth of 70.24% and polarization conversion ratio (PCR) greater than 90% from 6.65 to 13.85 GHz. The designed PRRM unit cells are arranged in 3 × 4 array on both sides of the designed microstrip patch antenna. This arrangement makes the antenna to operate circularly polarized at 10.33, 14.33, and 19.16 GHz with axial ratio values of 2.807, 1.963, and 1.471 dB, respectively. Also, it provides monostatic RCS reduction with 77.9% bandwidth ranging from 6.39 to 14.5 GHZ and virtually constant gain ranging from 8 to 19.7 GHz. The performance of the microstrip patch antenna with the designed PRRM are simulated and experimentally verified.
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