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Mould heat transfer in continuous casting has profound influence on caster operation and product quality. The average heat flux through the mould wall can be calculated from the mould water flow and the rise in temperature of the cooling water. However, the local heat flux in the mould wall gives a better understanding of the heat transfer in mould vis‐à‐vis the operating parameters. In the present investigation, all the 4 sides of a slab mould are instrumented with thermocouples in order to determine the axial temperature profiles under wide range of casting conditions. A heat flow model of the mould wall has been developed to compute the local heat flux and the hot face temperature of the mould from the measured mould temperature data. The local heat flux in the mould is correlated with the operating variables of the caster.

Many semiconducting minerals have sufficient conductivity to permit electrochemical reactions on their surfaces. Consequently, galvanic interactions will occur when such minerals are coupled to metals or other conducting minerals. Accelerated galvanic corrosion of metals coupled to minerals is likely because most minerals exhibit potentials in solution that are noble to the corrosion potentials (E corr ) of typical metal alloys. Anodic and cathodic polarization diagrams can be used to predict galvanic corrosion rates expected from any given galvanic couple in a particular corrosive electrolyte. Polarization diagrams were presented for numerous minerals and alloys in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). Examples demonstrated how the curves could be used to estimate the likelihood of galvanic corrosion and the reaction rates to be expected in metal-metal, metal-mineral, and mineral-mineral couples. The effects of relative cathode-to-anode surface area, application to initiation of pitting corrosion, and limitations of the method also were reviewed.

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A variety of computer simulation codes have recently emerged in the market, enabling up-front simulation of manufacturing processes such as casting, forging, welding, powder-injection molding, and powder consolidation. Typically, a computer simulation consists of three distinct steps: preprocessing, analysis, and postprocessing. Visualization plays a key role in preprocessing and especially postprocessing, where it assists in the intelligent and rapid interpretation of a huge amount of data. A good visualization capability has now become an essential part of any comprehensive process simulation code. This article discusses recent work in developing visualization tools for pre-and postprocessing of casting and powder injection molding simulations. The essential features of these visualization tools are summarized and their applications are illustrated with the help of suitable examples showing details such as solid models, filling patterns, hot spots, porosity criteria functions, grain size, and weld line formation.

An unequal diameter (1 : 3), two roll thin strip cessing, are some of the expected benefits of the procedure. casting machine has been designed and fabricatedThe history of thin strip casting dates back to the 1850s.1 for investigation of the direct casting of thin strip Highly precise control of process parameters is required on a laboratory scale. The system consists of a for successful operation on an industrial scale. A large preheatable shallow tundish with online heating number of research organisations have been working on facility, water cooled rotating rolls (chill and the development of the technology and a number of reviews auxiliary) for solidification of the liquid metal, and have been published.2 a stripper assembly. The machine has a variable The Research and Development Centre for Iron and Steel, speed. Roll gap setting and roll pressure Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) embarked upon a proadjustment are two important features of the gramme of study of thin strip casting in 1988. The studies machine. It is also possible to vary the placement were first conducted using a single roll caster, which was angle of the auxiliary roll with respect to the chill subsequently converted to a two roll, unequal diameter horiroll. A heat transfer model was developed, based zontal caster. The objective was to develop design and process on experimental casting results. Experiments were parameters for a laboratory scale caster through physicalconducted using AISI 304 grade stainless steel. Up mathematical modelling and experimental investigation using to 100 kg of steel was cast without interruption into AISI 304 stainless steel. strips of widths 100 and 200 mm and thickness varying between 1 and 2 mm. Some of the process parameters affecting the quality of the strip were DESIGN FEATURES identified. I&S/1460The experimental cast shown in Fig. 1 has been designed for the following parameters: