Helium implantation in surfaces is of interest for plasma facing materials and other nuclear applications. Vanadium as both a representative bcc material and a material relevant for fusion applications is implanted using a Helium ion beam microscope, and the resulting swelling and nanomechanical properties are quantified. These values are put in correlation to data obtained from micro residual stress measurements using a focused ion beam based ring-core technique. We found that the swelling measured is similar to literature values. Further we are able to measure the surface stress caused by the implantation and find it approaches the yield strength of the material at blistering doses.The simple calculations performed in the present work, along with several geometrical considerations deduced from experimental results confirm the driving force for blister formation comes from bulging resulting mainly from gas pressure buildup, rather than solely stress induced buckling.
Standard language ideologies, hierarchical language structures and resulting ethnic and racial inequalities have long been reinforced within and by means of the TESOL (teaching English to speakers of other languages) field. These standards and structures echo the colonial history of forced language assimilation and indigenous erasure, a history that in many ways continues today. This chapter proposes language learning and ongoing reflection on the language learning process as a critical framework that English language teachers and researchers should adopt and apply to their work. When teachers and researchers take on the language learner identity inside and outside of classroom/research spaces, they equip themselves to dismantle rigid power structures in TESOL, transforming the colonizer narrative into one of decolonization, collaboration, and equity.
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