This study was aimed to prove that topical betel (Piper betle) leaf extract adinistration could increase epidermal thickness, fibroblasts, and collagen amount in wound healing process of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Subjects were 36 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with inclusion criteria, as follows: healthy, aged 3-4 months, weighing 200-250 g, divided into two groups with 18 rats each. The first group, the control group (P0), was treated with oral amoxicillin 3x10mg/day for 3 days and one drop (50 μl) of 10% povidine iodine topically 2x/day for 14 days, and the second group, the treatment group (P1), treated with oral amoxicillin 3x10 mg/day for 3 days and one drop (50 μl) of 10% betel leaf (Piper betle) extracttopically 2x/day for 14 days. Samples of skin tissue were processed for histological slides by using hematoxylin-eosin staining to check the epidermal thickness and fibroblast, meanwhile Picro sirius red staining to check the collagen amount. Microscopic examinations showed that the average epidermal thickness in P0 group was 24.72±14.91 μm, whereas in the P1 group was 56.75±23.04 μm (P <0.01). The number of fibroblasts in P0 group was 75,45±32,52 cells/visual field meanwhile of P1 group was 95,67±22,51 cells/visual field (P < 0.05). The average of collagen amount in P0 group was 65.27±7.13% while in P1 group was 83.09±2.59% (P <0.01). Conclusion: Topical administration of 10% betel (Piper betle) leaf extract could increase epidermal thickness, fibroblasts, and collagen in wound healing process of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: betel leaf, epidermis, fibroblast, collagen, wound Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle) meningkatkan ketebalan epidermis, jumlah fibroblas, dan jumlah kolagen dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Subjek penelitian ialah 36 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dewasa dan sehat, berumur 3-4 bulan, dengan berat badan 200-250 gr, yang terbagi menjadi 2 (dua) kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 18 ekor tikus. Kelompok pertama ialah kelompok kontrol (P0) diberikan amoksisilin oral 3 x 10mg/hari selama 3 hari serta povidine iodine 10% topikal 1 tetes (50 μl) 2x/hari selama 14 hari (P0). Kelompok kedua ialah kelompok perlakuan (P1) diberi amoksisilin oral 3 x 10 mg/hari selama 3 hari serta ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle) konsentasi 10% secara topikal 1 tetes (50 μl), 2x/hari selama 14 hari. Jaringan kulit diambil dan dibuat preparat dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin untuk pemeriksaan ketebalan epidermis dan jumlah fibroblas, serta pewarnaan Picro sirius red untuk pemeriksaan jumlah kolagen. Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik menunjukkan rerata tebal epidermis pada kelompok P0 24,72±14,91 μm dan pada kelompok P1 56,75±23,04 μm (P <0,01). Rerata jumlah fibroblas pada kelompok P0 75,45±32,52 sel/lapang pandang dan pada kelompok P1 95,67±22,51 sel/lapang pandang (P <0,05). Rerata jumlah kolagen pada kelompok P0 65,27±7,13% dan pada kelompok P1, 83,09±2,59% (P <0,01). Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle) konsentrasi 10% secara topikal dapat meningkatkan ketebalan epidermis, jumlah fibroblas, dan jumlah kolagen pada luka tikus jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: daun sirih, epdermis, fibroblas, kolagen, luka
Ultraviolet B (UVB) is a source of free radicals that accelerate aging process of the skin such as activating enzymes that degrade collagen and inhibit collagen production by inducing the expression of MMP-1. Lemon peel contains vitamin C, vitamin A, tannins and phenols which possess antioxidant activity and prevent oxidative stress. This study was aimed to prove that oral administration of lemon peel extract could decrease MMP-1 levels and increase the number of collagen in the UVB-induced male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was a true experimental study with the post test only control group design. Subjects were 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months, body weight 120 g, divided into 3 groups, as follows: the control group (P0) which were not exposed to UVB; the treatment group 1 (P1) given aquabidest and UVB ray exposure; and the treatment group 2 (P2) given lemon peel extract and UVB ray exposure. After 15 days of treatment, all rats were anesthetized and their skin tissues were prepared for histological examination of MMP1 and collagen. The results showed that the average expression of MMP1 in P0 group was 22.02±3.20%; in the P1 group was 29.04±6.36%; and in P2 group was 7.98±2.76% (P <0.01). In addition, the average amount of collagen in P0 group was 70.01±2.99%; in the P1 group was 57.68±4.84%; and in P2 group was 77.45±4.29% (P <0.01). Conclusion: Oral administration of lemon peel extract could decrease the expression of MMP-1 and increase the amount of collagen in the UVB-induced male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: lemon peels, collagen, MMP-1, UVB Abstrak: Ultraviolet B (UVB) merupakan sumber radikal bebas yang mempercepat proses penuaan kulit dengan mengaktivasi enzim yang mendegradasi kolagen dan menghambat produksi kkolagen melalui induksi ekspresi MMP-1. Kulit buah lemon mengandung vitamin C, vitamin A, tanin, dan fenol yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan mencegah stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit buah lemon per oral dapat menurunkan kadar MMP-1 dan meningkatkan jumlah kolagen pada tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dipajan sinar UVB. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 30 ekor tikus putih jantan, galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus), umur 2-3 bulan, dengan berat badan 120 gr yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 10 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol (P0) tidak dipapar sinar UVB; kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan aquabides oral dan paparan sinar UVB; dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberikan ekstrak kulit buah lemon oral dan paparan sinar UVB. Setelah 15 hari perlakuan, seluruh tikus dianestesi kemudian diambil jaringan kulitnya untuk dibuat preparat histologik dan dihitung jumlah kolagen dermisnya sebagai data post test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rerata jumlah ekspresi MMP1 pada kelompok P0 ialah 22,02±3,20%; kelompok P1 ialah 29,04±6,36%; dan kelompok P2 ialah 7,98±2,76% (P <0,01). Rerata jumlah kolagen pada kelompok P0 ialah 70,01±2,99%; kelompok P1 ialah 57,68±4,84%; dan kelompok P2 ialah 77,45±4,29% (P <0,01). Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak kulit buah lemon per oral dapat menurunkan ekspresi MMP-1 dan meningkatkan jumlah kolagen pada tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dipajan sinar UVB. Kata kunci: kulit buah lemon, kolagen, MMP-1, UVB
Ultraviolet B (UVB) ray may cause skin hyperpigmentation due to increased melanin level. Noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia) extract was a strong candidate as an antioxidant and whitening agent. This study was aimed to prove the effect of noni seeds extract cream in prevention the increase of melanin in UVB-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). This was a true experimental study using posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 guinea pigs divided into 3 groups, each of 10 guinea pigs. Group 1, the control group, was treated with UVB exposure and basic cream; group 2 was treated with UVB and 4% noni seed cream; and group 3 was treated with UVB and 4% hydroquinone cream. A total of 390 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B dosage was given for 2 weeks. Histopathological examination with Masson-Fontana staining was performed to evaluate the melanin areas with black color. The amount of melanin was calculated by the percentage of pixel areas of melanin and was compared with the pixels of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest number of melanin was in group 1 (10.61±5.33%), while in group 2 was 1.4±0.65%, and in group 3 was 0.45±0.23%. There was a significant difference between the control group and group 2 as well as group 3 (P <0.05) whereas no significant difference was found between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: The 4% noni seeds extract (Morinda citrifolia) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in UVB-exposed guinea pig as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream.Keywords: noni seeds extract cream, melanin, ultraviolet B, guinea pigs Abstrak: Paparan sinar ultraviolet B (UVB) mengakibatkan terjadinya kelainan hiperpigmentasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah melanin. Ekstrak biji mengkudu memiliki kombinasi zat aktif yang dapat bekerja sinergis dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak biji mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipapar sinar UVB. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan randomized posttest only control group design menggunakan 30 ekor marmut jantan yang dibagi atas 3 kelompok, masing-masing 10 ekor. Kelompok 1 yaitu kelompok kontrol, diberi paparan sinar UVB dan diolesi krim dasar. Kelompok 2 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak biji mengkudu 4%. Kelompok 3 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan krim hidrokuinon 4%. Dosis total UVB yaitu 390 mJ/cm2 diberikan selama 2 minggu. Pemeriksaan histopatologik jaringan kulit dengan pewarnaan Masson- Fontana. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan dengan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah melanin pada Kelompok 1 sebesar 10,61±5,33%; pada kelompok 2 sebesar 1.4±0.65%, dan pada kelompok 3 sebesar 0,45±0,23%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05). Perbandingan antara kelompok 2 dan 3 tidak berbeda bermakna dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak biji mengkudu 4% dapat mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut yang dipapar sinar UVB, dan memiliki efektifitas yang sama dengan krim hidrokuinon 4%. Kata kunci: krim ekstrak biji mengkudu, melanin, ultraviolet B, marmut
Peppermint leaves contain flavonoids, menthofuran, and other phenolic compounds that have antioxidant activity and are believed to inhibit collagen degradation in the skin. This study investigated the efficacy of a 5% peppermint leaf extract cream in increasing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression and collagen amount as indicators of collagen maintenance in male Wistar rats' skin exposed to UVB. Method A randomized post-test-only control group design was performed on male Wistar rats, local strains, aged 2-3 months, with body weights ranging from 180 to 200 grams. According to the sample calculation, 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group is the control group (without any treatment). The second group was treated with UVB without cream (UVB-only group), and the third group was treated with UVB + 5% peppermint leaf extract cream on exposed skin. After four weeks of treatment, the tissue samples were examined. The expression of TGF-β was evaluated by immunohistochemical examination, and the amount of collagen was examined by Picro-Sirius red staining. Comparative tests were performed on the measurement results of the three groups. The results showed a significant difference in the mean TGF-β expression and collagen amount among the three groups (p<0.001). The group exposed to UVB + 5% peppermint leaf extract cream had the highest mean TGF-β expression and collagen amount (77.41±5.79% and 82.57±2.18%, respectively), followed by the control group (63.17±12.22% and 74.05±7.15%) and the UVB-only group (50.54±11.10% and 65.65±5.56%). Administration of 5% peppermint leaf extract cream effectively increased TGF-β expression and collagen amount in the skin of male Wistar rats exposed to UVB compared to the control and the UVB-only groups.
Background: Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum and is transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse. However, late latent syphilis accompanied by ocular syphilis in geriatric patients is quite seldom. This study aims to determine a case report regarding late latent syphilis accompanied by ocular syphilis in a geriatric patient.Case Description: A 75 years old man, was consulted from the Ophthalmology Department to the Dermatology and Venereology Department with suspect syphilis. Patient came with a chief complaint of blurred vision in the right eye since 2 weeks ago, which is getting worse since 4 days ago. The laboratory results of complete blood routine, renal function tests, liver function tests, blood sugar levels are within normal limits. The titer result of VDRL was 1:16 and TPHA was 1: 160. Based on anamnesis, physical and laboratory examination, the patient was diagnosed with late latent syphilis and ocular syphilis. The patient was given three weekly interval dose of Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million international units intramuscularly.Conclusion: One-month follow-up after the treatment, the patient's condition improved. Blurred vision in the right eye was reduced. There are no complaints of headache and hearing loss.
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) is a source of free radicals that accelerates aging process, especially in the skin. Repeated exposures to UV-B rays activate enzymes that degrade collagen and inhibit collagen production by inducing the expression of MMP-1. Panax ginseng, a typical herb commonly used in Asia, has antioxidant properties. This study was aimed to prove that Panax ginseng extract cream could prevent collagen degradation and MMP-1 elevation in UVBexposed Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was a true experimental study with the posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, male, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 160-180 g which were divided into 3 groups with 10 rats each: P0 group, without any treatment; P1 group, exposed to UV-B and treated with placebo; and P2 group, exposed to UV-B and treated with Panax ginseng extract cream. After 48 hours of the last radiation for the entire 2 weeks, all rats were anesthetized, and their skin tissues were prepared for histological examination staining with Sirius red. The expresion of MMP-1 and the amount of collagen were observed under 400x magnification of binocular microscopy. The results showed that the average amount of collagen in the P0 group was 69.38±3.96%; in the P1 group was 62.79±3.50%; whereas in the P2 group was 80.55±6.41% (P <0.01). The mean expression of MMP-1 in the P0 group was 15.43±3.13%; in the group P1 was 27.99±5.45%; while in the P2 group was 6.16±2.33% (P <0.01). Conclusion: Panax ginseng extract cream could prevent MMP-1 elevation and collagen degradation in UVB-exposed Wistar rats.Abstrak: Ultraviolet B (UV-B) merupakan salah satu sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mempercepat proses penuaan, khususnya penuaan pada kulit. Paparan sinar UVB berulang akan mengaktifkan enzim yang mendegradasi kolagen dan menghambat produksi kolagen melalui peningkatan ekspresi MMP-1. Panax ginseng merupakan jenis herbal yang paling sering digunakan di negara Asia dengan efek antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian krim Panax ginseng dapat menghambat penurunan jumlah kolagen dan peningkatan MMP-1 pada kulit tikus Wistar yang dipajan sinar UV-B. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan posttest only control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 30 ekor tikus galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan, berusia 10-12 minggu, dengan berat badan 160-180 gr yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 10 ekor tikus, yaitu: kelompok P0 sebagai kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan; kelompok P1 diberikan pajanan sinar UV-B dengan plasebo; dan kelompok P2 diberikan pajanan sinar UV-B dengan krim Panax ginseng (P2). Setelah 48 jam penyinaran terakhir selama 2 minggu, seluruh tikus dianestesi, kemudian diambil jaringan kulitnya untuk dibuat preparat histologik. Jumlah kolagen dan eskpresi MMP-1 dermis dihitung sebagai data post test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rerata jumlah kolagen pada kelompok P0 ialah 69,38±3,96%; pada kelompok P1 62,79±3,50%; dan pada kelompok P2 80,55±6,41% (p<0,01). Hasil rerata...
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