RESUMEN:Este ensayo pretende analizar el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la disciplina histórica. ----1 Dada la rapidez con la que muta este munfo virtual al que nos referimos, convendrá señalar que este texto fue elaborado en mayo de 2005 y que, por tanto, algún url puede haber quedado obsoleto o haber desaparecido.
Radiocarbon measurements were made of thirty-eight cores from 18 sites distributing over the whole Massif Central which all contain different episodes of the major vegetational change that took place in the middle of the Postglacial. Fourteen of the dates obtained provide a chronological schema of the vegetation dynamics, with which 12 dates are in agreement and 12 in disagreement. Analysis of these three classes of dates shows that on the whole there are no significant differences between the quality of the results obtained at different laboratories and that a general estimate of the measurements can be made on a palaeœcological basis without questioning the physical method This analysis mainly suggests that a cooperation from the beginning between palaeœcology and radiochronology is of utmost importance for an efficient research.
ResumenEste artículo aborda algunas de las nuevas direcciones de la historia cultural. En particular, los trabajos de algunos estudiosos que emplean una perspectiva global. Esa elección plantea algunos problemas, sobre todo los relativos a las aparentes contradicciones entre la tradicional mirada micro, que ha sido característica de la historia cultural más significativa, y la macro, en la que acostumbraba a primar el análisis económico o político. ¿Cómo analizar un individuo desde una perspectiva global? Utilizando principalmente las reflexiones de Peter Burke o Natalie Zemon Davis, el artículo expone que esa preocupación es un asunto actual, propio de una época de interconexión acelerada, que responde a nuestras necesidades culturales e intelectuales, permitiendo enriquecer y relativizar nuestras perspectivas. Asimismo, muestra que se trata de un campo emergente que se puede trabajar de distintos modos, incluso desde una perspectiva micro, con las llamadas biografías globales o la microhistoria global. Esos estudios, en realidad, ofrecen ejemplos de intensos encuentros culturales en el pasado, centrándose en los diferentes tipos de intermediarios individuales que los hicieron posibles, experimentando con vidas individuales en contextos globales, conectando las comunidades y el mundo exterior, yuxtaponiendo las perspectivas macro y micro. Palabras claveHistoria cultural; Historia global; Microhistoria. AbstractThis article discusses some of the new directions taken by cultural history nowadays, with particular focus on the works by scholars using a global perspective. It argues that this choice of a global perspective raises several problems, especially the apparent contradictions between the traditional micro-approaches, typical of cultural history, and the macro ones often used in economic or political analyses. The question is how to deal with individuals from a global perspective. Based on reflections by Peter Burke and Natalie Zemon Davis, among others, the essay shows that this concern is an important issue today, in an increasingly interconnected era, and that it responds to our cultural and intellectual needs, enriching and relativizing our perspectives. Moreover, the text also considers that global history is an emerging field that can be practiced in several ways that include micro-perspectives, as in the so called global biographies or the global microhistory. In fact, these studies present examples of intense cultural encounters in the past, focusing on the different types of individual intermediaries that made it possible, experimenting with stories of individual lives in global contexts, connecting communities and the outside world, juxtaposing micro and macro perspectives. In other words, the life of a single individual may serve to understand the connections across cultures and groups from the perspective of the actors involved.
Resumen: Como solemos decir, la profesionalización de nuestra disciplina produjo una cesura, separando la historia académica de aquella otra que quedaba en manos de eruditos, archiveros. Y mientras unos se dedicaban a la historia nacional, otros quedaban relegados a lo local y a la mera nostalgia. Esa idea se mantuvo al menos hasta los años setenta. El cambio, como es sabido, estuvo relacionado con los movimientos sociales de la década anterior, que a grandes rasgos supusieron el retorno del sujeto, con una dimensión múltiple, y el énfasis en la acción humana. Este ensayo historiográfico explora esos cambios, a partir sobre todo de dos diferentes propuestas de rescate de lo local -la microhistoria y la historia popular-, y muestra cómo actualmente esa defensa de lo local se combina en buena medida con la historia pública.Palabras clave: Historia local, historia pública, microhistoria, historia popular, historiografía.Abstract: As we usually say, the professionalization of our discipline produced a caesura, separating the academic history from such other in hands of erudites, archivists and amateurs. And while the first were dedicated to national history, the second were relegated instead to the local and the mere nostalgia. That idea was maintained at least until the 1970s. The change, as is known, was closely related to the social movements in the previous decade, which broadly assumed the return of the subject, with a multiple dimension, and the emphasis on human action. This historiographical essay explores these changes, starting from two different proposals for the rescue of the local - microhistory and popular history - and shows how the current defence of the local is largely combined with public history.Keywords: Local history, public history, microhistory, popular history, historiography.
Resumen. Este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre algunas de las características del nuevo orden digital. En particular, se centra en las mutaciones que afectan a los conceptos de archivo y documento, así como a sus rasgos más destacados. Partiendo del hecho de que estos registros son fundamentales para cualquier estudioso del pasado, indaga sobre las consecuencias de su desmaterialización. Se examina el significado de ese espacio en algunas de sus dimensiones y se subraya la evidente paradoja que supone conservar y estudiar objetos o datos que son efímeros por naturaleza y que, en su mayoría, nacieron para morir rápidamente. Palabras clave: historia; digital; archivo; documento.[en] Archives and documents in the digital age Abstract. The paper aims to examine and explore on some of the characteristics of the new digital order. Notably, it focuses on the mutations that affect the concepts of archive and document, as well as its most striking features. Based on the fact that these records are essential for studying the past, it inquires about the consequences of the dematerialization. It examines the meaning of this space in certain dimensions and emphasizes the obvious paradox of preserving and studying objects or data that are ephemeral in nature and that, most of which, were born to die quickly.
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