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Traditional rural houses are one of the most endangered forms of cultural and built heritage in Serbia today. In the past, the building of rural houses was in interaction with nature and the conditions of the immediate environment, especially in terms of its climatic and geographic properties. Today, they are often abandoned to decay, or replaced with new buildings, removing any connection with tradition. Problems related to their protection and regeneration to a great extent could be connected either with the properties of the original materials used for their construction, since they are usually not very durable, or with the level of how comfortable they are, which falls below modern living standards. Through a review of types and methods of building of the so-called half-timbered (bondruk) style houses, as well as an analysis of their achieved thermal performances and potentials, this paper strives to point out the real need for their modernisation and optimal possibilities for their energy improvement, with respect to the need for the protection of their integrity and authenticity during the renovation process.

In recent years, a series of students’ projects have been carried out at the Faculty of Architecture of Belgrade with aims at protection and investigation of possibilities or presentation of archaeological sites dating from the Roman period, in which Serbia is very rich, and their active inclusion in modern way of life and tourist programs. The project for the revitalization of the Roman military camp Timacum Minus was one of them. It showed that the students’ involvement in resolving complex issues of the presentation and revitalization of archaeological remains was fruitful because numerous fresh ideas were obtained in numerous subjects. The focus was on a concept that significant cultural and historic areas with ancient remains were to be presented to both the domestic and foreign public in a modern manner and in interaction with the environment, the natural beauties of the landscape. The projects enable to promote an interactive relation with the historic area as a place where visitors, at various activities, meet with history, but also with a reflection of a modern era

Buildings are the only resource growing constantly. Although relevant data for Serbia is not available, it is presumed that even more than 50% of energy production is spent on buildings in our country. This conclusion is based on two facts: the present industrial production and the state of buildings. In order to establish measures for energy efficient refurbishment, one residential building was analyzed in Belgrade. The chosen building represents the construction period when application of thermal insulation was not obligatory according to building regulation. As more than 35% of buildings were built in that period, they represent great potential for energy savings through the process of refurbishment

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In addition to reducing the energy consumption in residential buildings, the Rulebook on the energy efficiency of buildings, which was recently enacted in Serbia, also pays special attention to the issue of energy performance of the existing buildings. On the other hand, in the course of a few decades researchers all around the world are showing tendencies towards inclusion of embodied energy into the calculation of the overall energy consumption in the residential sector instead of just employing the most frequent and widespread calculation of operational energy. Thus, the aim of the paper is to determine the quantity of embodied energy on the example of the external wall of selected residential buildings, before and after the process of energy performance optimisation, in four different scenarios including four different insulation materials. A selection of seven house types, which were deemed representative for this research, was conducted on the example of Sombor, a typical town in Vojvodina, i.e. a typical town in Northern Serbia. Two criteria were involved: the applied materials and the representation of buildings constructed in different time periods. The issue of improving the thermal features of the external walls is analysed, since it was previously determined that none of the selected buildings satisfy the maximal value of thermal transmittance U, as stipulated by the latest Rulebook from 2011 (Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning MEMSP 2011a). The methodology for the embodied energy evaluation in 1 m 2 of the external wall was created on the basis of the grouping of life cycle phases into building's energy use categories: initial embodied, operational, recurrent embodied and demolition energy; and into the system boundaries: cradle to gate, cradle to site, cradle to grave and cradle to cradle. After taking into consideration, the life cycle phases of the external walls' building materials and subsequently installed insulation materials, it was determined that in terms of consumed recurrent embodied energy, the local insulation materials typical for the region of Vojvodina, are more preferable in relation to the widespread artificial materials.