Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid mucositis are the two most common lichenoid lesions of the oral cavity. Oral lichen planus is classified as a potentially malignant condition by the World Health Organization, and lichenoid mucositis has also been shown to have malignant potential. However, some argue that lichen planus or lichenoid mucositis is only premalignant when dysplasia has developed in these lesions and that many cases of lichen planus or lichenoid mucositis with cancer development were in fact either a lichenoid lesion with dysplasia or a primary dysplasia misdiagnosed as oral lichen planus or lichenoid mucositis due to the coexistence of lichenoid features. Here, we summarize what is known about the risk of malignant transformation of these lesions and discuss the ongoing controversies surrounding the diagnostic criteria.

Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used in the world, being applied in several crops, among them soybeans. Recently, glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have been identified as possible contributors to the emergence of various diseases such as autism, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as cancer. The child population-consuming cereal-based foods is the most exposed to the effects of pesticides because of their developmental phase and they have a higher food intake per kilogram of body weight than adults. The presence of glyphosate and AMPA residues in soy-based infant formulas was evaluated during the years 2012-2017, totalising 105 analyses carried out on 10 commercial brands from different batches. Glyphosate and AMPA were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after derivatisation reaction. The method was validated and showed accuracy and precision with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02 mg kg. Among those samples that contained levels above the LOQ, the variation of glyphosate residues was from 0.03 mg kg to 1.08 mg kg and for AMPA residues was from 0.02 mg kg to 0.17 mg kg. This is the first scientific communication about glyphosate and AMPA contamination in soy-based infant formula in Brazil, The study was conducted under good laboratory practice (GLP) and supported by good scientific practice.

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O sistema de gestão da qualidade baseado nos princípios das boas práticas de laboratório (BPL) implementado no laboratório da Divisão Química Analítica prevê a manutenção e verificação periódica dos instrumentos de medição utilizados nos estudos. As cartas controle são ferramentas que ajudam, visualmente através de gráficos, o monitoramento e controle do funcionamento desses equipamentos. Existem diversos modelos de carta controle, sendo o modelo do Ciclo de Shewhart o mais conhecido. Neste modelo utiliza-se dos valores médios e os resultados devem se mostrar aleatórios em torno da média, não apresentando tendências. No laboratório as verificações foram feitas para balanças analíticas modelos AB 204 S e HR 31 ambas fabricadas pela Mettler, utilizando-se peso padrão de 10 mg, mediante verificações semanais ao longo de um ano. O valor da incerteza do peso padrão corresponde à incerteza expandida utilizado corresponde à 95% de confiança (fator de abrangência =2). Após as medições foram elaboradas as cartas controle X-bar, como também são conhecidas, e tiveram seu acesso livre aos analistas, proporcionando tomada de decisões mais eficazes.

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