The effect of the addition of passion fruit peel powder (PFPP) on the fermentation kinetics and texture parameters, post-acidification and bacteria counts of probiotic yoghurts made with two milk types were evaluated during 28 days of storage at 4°C. Milks were fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (CY340), and one strain of probiotic bacteria: Lactobacillus acidophilus (L10 and NCFM), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bl04 and HN019). The addition of PFPP reduced significantly fermentation time of skim milk co-fermented by the strains L10, NCFM and HN019. At the end of 28-day shelf-life, counts of B. lactis Bl04 were about 1 Log CFU mLe1 higher in whole yoghurt fermented with PFPP regarding its control but, in general, the addition of PFPP had less influence on counts than the milk type itself. The titratable acidity in yoghurts with PFPP was significantly higher than in their respective controls, and in skim yoghurts higher than in the whole ones. The PFPP increased firmness, consistency (except for the NCFM strain of L. acidophilus) and cohesiveness of all skim yoghurts. The results point out the suitability of using passion fruit by-product in the formulation of both skim and whole probiotic yoghurts

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-This study investigates the kinetics of acidification, fatty acid (FA) profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, C18:2 c9, t11) content in fermented milks prepared from organic and conventional milk. Fermented milks were manufactured with five mixed cultures: four different strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BL04, B94, BB12 and HN019) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LB340, in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus TA040. The composition of milk was evaluated, and the kinetics of acidification was followed by continuous pH measurement using the Cinac system. The profile of FA, including CLA, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The chemical composition of conventional and organic milk was similar, with the exception of protein and Fe, the concentrations of which were higher in the organic milk. The rate of acidification was significantly influenced by the type of milk and the bacterial strain used. Co-cultures St-HN019 and St-BB12 showed higher maximal acidification rates in both milks. Final counts of S. thermophilus (9.0-10.1 log 10 colony forming units (CFU)·mL −1 ), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (8.2-8.5 log 10 CFU·mL −1 ) and B. animalis subsp. lactis strains (8.3-9.3 log 10 CFU·mL −1 ) did not differ significantly in either milk. Unexpectedly, all fermented organic milks contained significantly higher amounts of CLA than the same milk before fermentation, whereas CLA amounts did not change during fermentation of conventional milk. Regardless of the type of milk, CLA was found to be significantly positively correlated with trans-vaccenic acid and negatively correlated with linoleic acid. Moreover, the CLA contents were significantly higher in fermented milks showing shorter fermentation times. acidification profile / fermented milk / Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis / organic milk / conjugated linoleic acid / trans-vaccenic acid Article published by EDP Sciences 料乳中，St-HN019 和 St-BB12 共发酵菌株表现出最大的酸化速率; S. thermophilus (9.0 10.1 log 10 cfu·mL −1 )、L. bulgaricus (8.2 8.5 log 10 cfu·mL −1 ) 和 B. animalis subsp. lactis strains (8.3 9.3 log 10 cfu·mL −1 ) 在两种乳中的最后菌数没有显著差异○ 出乎意料的是有机乳发 酵后 CLA 含量显著地提高，但是普通乳发酵前后 CLA 含量没有变化○ 如果不考虑乳的 类型，CLA 含量与反式-十八碳烯酸呈正相关，与亚油酸含量呈负相关○ 此外，发酵时 间短的发酵乳中 CLA 含量较高○ 酸化特性 / 益生性发酵乳 / 有机乳 / 共轭亚油酸 / 反式-十八碳烯酸 Résumé -Teneur en acide linoléique conjugué accrue dans des laits biologiques fermentés par des bifidobactéries et des levains à yaourt. Cette étude a pour but d'examiner les cinétiques d'acidification, les profils en acides gras et les teneurs en acide linoléique conjugué (CLA, C18:2 c9, t11) de laits fermentés préparés à partir de lait biologique et conventionnel. Des laits fermentés ont été produits avec cinq types de cultures mixtes : quatre souches de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BL04, B94, BB12 et HN019) et Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LB340, en co-culture avec S. thermophilus TA040. La composition du lait était évaluée et les cinétiques d'acidification étaient suivies par mesure continue du pH à l'aide du système C...

Attempts to meet produces market demand are not always followed by research reports showing the impact of novel, intensive cropping systems on the environment, human and animal health, and eventual chemical and structural changes of plants. This work carries a comparative evaluation of the morphology and anatomy of cherry tomato fruits obtained from organic, conventional and hydroponic cropping systems. Fruits were collected at the free market in the greater Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. For each culture method, 50 fruits their weight, diameter and volume measured. For the anatomical analysis, samples of the pericarp of ten fruits were excised and embedded in glycol methacrylate; 6-µm cuts were then obtained, stained with toluidine blue, and mounted on permanent glass slides. The anatomical analysis and illustrations were performed in Olympus and Zeiss photonic microscope. Samples obtained from the organic cropping system presented the highest mass, diameter, volume and density. The pericarp of fruits, obtained from the conventional cropping system presented larger but less abundant cells in comparison to the pericarp of the hydroponic and organicproduced fruits. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, morphology, organic, hydroponic, conventional ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA COMPARATIVA DE FRUTOS TOMATE CEREJA PROVENIENTES DE TRÊS SISTEMAS DE CULTIVORESUMO: A ciência agrícola buscou novas formas de cultivo para atender às exigências de mercado e dividiu-se em três grandes vertentes: os sistemas de cultivo orgânico, convencional e hidropônico. Todavia, esses avanços nem sempre foram acompanhados por pesquisas que objetivassem apontar o impacto de uma nova técnica agrícola sobre o ambiente, a saúde humana e animal e aos próprios vegetais em seus aspectos químicos e estruturais. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo comparativo da morfo-anatomia do fruto do Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Duval) A. Gray, cultivado nos sistemas orgânico, convencional e hidropônico. Os frutos foram coletados no comércio varejista da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Para cada cultivo foram analisados 50 frutos. Cada fruto foi pesado e teve o diâmetro e volume medidos. Para análise anatômica foram retiradas amostras do pericarpo de dez frutos, que foram embebidas em glicol metacrilato, seccionadas com 6 µm de espessura, coradas com azul de toluidina e montadas em lâminas permanentes. A análise anatômica e as ilustrações foram feitas em microscópio fotônico Olympus e Zeiss com câmara fotográfica acoplada. As amostras obtidas pelo sistema de cultivo orgânico apresentaram maior massa, diâmetro, volume e densidade. O pericarpo, dos frutos do cultivo convencional, apresentou células maiores e em menor número em relação ao pericarpo dos frutos hidropônicos e orgânicos.

Estudo farmacognóstico comparativo entre duas espécies da família Tropaeolaceae que ocorrem na região sul do Brasil: Tropaeolum majus L. e Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam.-em busca de atividade anti-Leishmania chagasi e anticoagulante sobre plasma humano. Comissão Julgadora da Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre

ESPÍRITO SANTO, A.P.; CONVERTI, A.; OLIVEIRA, M.N. Development of probiotic yoghurt with addition of Brazilian´s fruit pulp and total dietary fiber. 2012. 112 p. PhD Thesis-Chemical Engineering and Process Faculty "G.