The transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) is a calcium-permeable channel responsible for the transduction and modulation of acute and chronic pain signaling. As such, this receptor is a potential target for the treatment of a number of pain disorders. However, AMG517, a TRPV1 antagonist, presents several clinical limitations that include the induction of severe hyperthermia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible interaction of the flavonoid eriodictyol with the TRPV1 receptor and to determine its putative antinociceptive and hyperthermic effects. Eriodictyol was able to displace [(3)H]-resiniferatoxin binding (IC(50)=47; 21-119nM) and to inhibit calcium influx mediated by capsaicin (IC(50)=44; 16-125nM), suggesting that eriodictyol acts as a TRPV1 antagonist. Moreover, eriodictyol induced antinociception in the intraplantar capsaicin test, with maximal inhibition of 49±10 and 64±4% for oral (ID(50)=2.3; 1.1-5.7mg/kg) and intrathecal (ID(50)=2.2; 1.7-2.9nmol/site) administration, respectively. Eriodictyol did not induce any change in body temperature or locomotor activity. Orally administered eriodictyol (4.5mg/kg) prevented the nociception induced by intrathecal injections of capsaicin, as well as the non-protein thiol loss and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation induced by capsaicin in spinal cord. Eriodictyol also reduced the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia elicited by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) paw injection. In conclusion, eriodictyol acts as an antagonist of the TRPV1 receptor and as an antioxidant; it induces antinociception without some of the side effects and limitations such as hyperthermia that are expected for TRPV1 antagonists.
Florestas estacionais semideciduais (FES) possuem alta heterogeneidade e diversos são os fatores contribuintes na variação estrutural e florística destas florestas. Assim, foi realizado o estudo da composição florística e da estrutura, horizontal e vertical, de uma comunidade arbórea de uma FES. A área se localiza nas coordenadas 18º29'28"S e 48º23'45"W. Demarcou-se um hectare de área, foram amostradas árvores com circunferência a 1,30 m > 15 cm e estimada a altura dos indivíduos. Calcularam-se os parâmetros fitossociológicos (densidade, dominância e freqüência relativas). As parcelas foram categorizadas quanto a porcentagem total de clareiras e as espécies foram classificadas quanto ao estratro vertical ocupado. As análises permitiram a classificação das espécies em grupos sucessionais. Amostraram-se 839 indivíduos e ocorreu predomínio de espécies secundárias tardias principalmente no sub-bosque, com pouca presença de pioneiras. Com base nas análises a floresta da Fazenda da Mata pode ser classificada como uma floresta em estágio primário de conservação.
The results of this study show that the extract of M. vulgare and marrubiin displays antiulcer activity and that this effect can be partly attributed to the isolated diterpene.
Palavras-chave: cerrado, murundu, vegetação, lençol freáticoABSTRACT -(Plant community and abiotic characteristics of a murundu field in Uberlândia, MG). Murundus are small usually round mounds, that often present soil and vegetation different from the surrounding level area. All micro-elevations incountered in a 1.08ha murundu field had their length, width and height measured. The depth of the water table was measured and soil characteristics were obtained within and outside the murundus. All woody plants (lianas, trees, and shrubs) with a diameter of ≥ 5 mm at ground level were identified. A total 434 elevations (31.4% of the total area) were encontered, of which 48 (24.3%) contained woody plants. The mound vegetation comprised 116 species belonging to 72 genera, and 42 families. The depth of the water table for those murunduns with woody plants varied between 99.2 and 206.8cm. The studied soil showed a low content of exchangeable bases, but only slight differences were observed between murundus and level soils. Matayba guianensis Aubl. and Erythroxylum suberosum A. St.-Hil. had the highest densities, while Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. and Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg. showed the highest basal areas. The heigher diversity encountered here in comparison to other published reports may be due to cattle grazing and trampling as well as burning.
-(Tree community dynamics of a gallery forest in central Brazil over a 19-year period (1985-2004)). Tree community dynamics was analyzed with basis on the data from the continuous inventory in an area of 64 ha of the Gama gallery forest at the Fazenda Água Limpa, DF. The inventory consisted of 151 permanent (10 × 20 m) plots located systematically along ten transects placed every 100 m at right angles to the Gama stream. All individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) equal or greater than 10 cm were mapped in the plots, tagged and measured in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1999 and 2004. The periodic annual increment (PAI) for the community during the 19 years period (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) was 0.22 cm yr -1 , with coefficients of variation ranging from 84% to 143%. The trend of increment in diameter was characterized by the increase of the increments with the increasing diameter classes up to 52 cm of DBH. The mean annual mortality rate was 2.87% while the recruitment was 2.08%, resulting in a decrease in the density during the 19 years period. The half-life was 24.13 years from 1985 to 2004. The community was dynamic with 92% of all species either suffering mortality or gaining recruits or both but, 83% of total of species found in the forest occurred in all the analyzed periods. Mortality was high but recruitment was also intense leading to a high turnover typical of an environment under strong border effect such as the gallery forests, which are narrow strips of tropical forests surrounded by savanna. These results suggest a very dynamic but stable community.Key words -growth, mortality, recruitment, savanna, tropical forest RESUMO -(Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea de uma mata de galeria do Brasil Central em um período de 19 anos (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)). A dinâmica da comunidade arbórea foi analisada, tendo como base um inventário contínuo em 64 ha da mata de galeria do Gama, na Fazenda Água Limpa, DF. O inventário consistiu de 151 parcelas permanentes (10 × 20 m) contíguas locadas em dez transectos eqüidistantes 100 m uns dos outros. Todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) maior ou igual a 10 cm foram mapeados nas parcelas, marcados e medidos em 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1999 e 2004. O incremento periódico anual (IPA) no período de 19 anos foi de 0,22 cm ano -1 com coeficientes de variação de 84% a 143%. O incremento em diâmetro apresentou tendência crescente com o aumento das classes de diâmetro até 52 cm de DAP, onde se concentraram aproximadamente 95% dos indivíduos em cada ocasião. A taxa média anual de mortalidade foi de 2,87%, enquanto o recrutamento foi 2,08%, resultando em um decréscimo na densidade da mata durante os 19 anos de estudo. A meia-vida foi de 24,13 anos de 1985 a 2004. A comunidade foi dinâmica com 92% de todas as espécies ou sofrendo mortalidade ou ganhando recrutas ou am...
Flavonoids are dietary components and the most ubiquitous phenolic compounds found in nature, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antiviral action. This study describes the antiviral screening of 60 different flavones and flavonols against human rotavirus (Wa-1 strain) as well as their cytotoxicity in MA104 cells. Cytotoxicity was investigated by cell morphology assessment and antirotavirus activity by cytopathic effect inhibition. Results were expressed as CC(50) and IC(50), respectively, in order to calculate the selectivity index (SI = CC(50)/IC(50)) of each compound. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) were proposed based on antirotavirus activity.
As comunidades quilombolas preservam um valioso conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais. Assim, este estudo objetivou realizar o levantamento das plantas medicinais usadas pelas mulheres da Comunidade Quilombola de Piracanjuba - Ana Laura, Piracanjuba, GO. A coleta de dados consistiu em entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram registradas 91 espécies distribuídas em 41 famílias, sendo Fabaceae e Lamiaceae as de maior riqueza em espécies. As espécies citadas foram usadas, principalmente, para tratar problemas das vias respiratórias, sendo a parte vegetal mais utilizada a folha e a principal forma de preparo o chá. A maioria das espécies é nativa e as com o maior número de informantes foram Croton antisyphiliticus, Dysphania ambrosioides, Ricinus communis e Copaifera langsdorffii. As com o valor máximo de concordância de uso foram Stryphnodendron adstringens, Dysphania ambrosioides, Dilodendron bipinnatum, Croton antisyphiliticus, Punica granatum e Curcuma longa. Nenhuma das espécies nativas citadas foi avaliada quanto ao status de ameaça. Logo, existe carência de estudos em prol de avaliar como estão as populações de espécies nativas medicinais no Brasil quanto à ameaça de extinção. A maioria das espécies nativas do presente estudo não é exclusiva do Cerrado, sendo compartilhada principalmente com a Mata Atlântica, Caatinga e Amazônia. O índice de diversidade alto sugere que a comunidade quilombola possui um significativo conhecimento etnobotânico ao utilizar uma grande quantidade de espécies. Entretanto, o desmatamento do Cerrado está ameaçando este conhecimento tradicional, pois o local onde as entrevistadas buscavam as plantas deste domínio fitogeográfico não existe mais.
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