The fusarium ear rot caused by pathogens belonging to Fusarium genus is one of the most important diseases responsible for high economic losses, resulting from the decline of the production’s quantity and quality. The objective of the present study was the identification of sources of cytoplasm that convey resistance to fusarium ear rot within certain inbred isonuclear lines. Twenty five maize inbred lines: 20 isonuclear inbreds (obtained by transferring the nucleus of five elite inbred lines on four different cytoplasms) and five lines using the original cytoplasm were studied in three experimental years 2012, 2013 and 2014. The analysis of variance for fusarium ear rot showed the very significant influence of factors years and nucleus and the significant action of the cytoplasm. The resistance to fusarium ear rot of each isonuclear line was compared to the line with original cytoplasm, over the three years of the experiment. Genetic variability within isonuclear groups regarding the resistance to fusarium ear rot was observed. The greatest difference in the degree of attack on the maize cob in comparison with the original cytoplasm (-4.92%), was noted for isoline TB 243 x TB 329, which showed a very significantly negative difference. Changing cytoplasm resulted in genotypes with a good resistance to the Fusarium spp. attack; therefore the use of these genotypes is recommended in creating of new hybrids.
The important role of entomophagous present in the trophic network of biocenoses, is widely debated in numerous papers. Throughout the vegetation period, field crops are invaded by a host of entomophagous, their role being important in limiting pests. Due to the importance of useful arthropod fauna for limiting wheat pests, during 2016-2017, its monitoring was carried out on the winter wheat culture, in two locations: at Turda, open field and in Bolduţ, field with agroforestry curtains, from ARDS Turda. The entomophagous collection was performed decadally with entomological net, a hundred double threads for each sample, in two variants: untreated with insecticides, and treated with insecticides. The data obtained indicates the fact that in the field with agroforestry curtains, the abundance of entomophagous it was higher, and in the variant where vegetation treatments with insecticides have been applied, the number of entomophagous was lower, compared to the untreated variant.
Attack pathogens and increasing abundance of some insect pests were favored by the climate changes, culture technologies practiced and increasing of cultivated areas with soybeans. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the attack of pathogens in soybean crop and to monitor some pest Lepidoptera species in order to identify technological measures to ensure their control by methods with minimal impact on the environment. The experiment was performed at the Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda during 2018-2020 period. The best technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and fungicides application, either alone, or in combination with an insecticide.
"In order to protect agroecosystems and to optimize soybean crop yield from the Transylvanian Plain, the adoption of complex methods of sustainable management with minimal impact on the environment has now become a challenge. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research-Development Station Turda in 2018, to provide the best methods for the development of an Integrated Management System (IMS) for phytosanitary soybean crop risks. The field factorial experiment was based on a subdivided parcel design with two replications. Experimental models for soybean crop protection have been developed. Field research was carried out for analyzing the technological (agricultural practices), biological (diseases, insects, pests) and environmental (climate change, methods of improving soil fertility with phytosanitary risk by applying environmentally friendly products) factors affecting soybean crop yield and quality. An entomological sampling strategy (pheromone traps, plant surveys) was used for evaluating the IMS environmental risk and methods for increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors were also studied. The obtained data was correlated with the production values for the 3 experimental factors: the tillage system, fertilization and treatments. The following pests were recorded, soil pests Coleoptera, Agriotes larvae, Opatrum, dipterans Delia platura and D. florilega, vectors of viruses and phytoplasmoses, cicadas, aphids, trips and the common red spider Tetranychus urticae, defoliating omissions Vanessa cardui, owls Autographa gamma, Mamestra suasa, M. oleracea, Agrotis segetum) etc. In the climatic conditions of 2018, most frequent pathogens were downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica and bacterial blight Pseudomonas glycinae."
In the wheat crops of central Transylvania a rich complex of phytophagous insects species is reported. Species of thrips, aphids, leafhoppers, flies, cereal leaf beetle and cereal bugs, affects the level of production and quality indicators of wheat grains. In the period of 2015-2016, various integrated pest control models have been applied, watching their effect on the production and quality indicators of wheat, based on applied insecticide treatments, in the experimental lots at ARDS Turda. The results on the quantified production parameters showed oscillations over previous multiannual values, due to the special climatic conditions of 2015 and 2016, to the density of entomophagous and phytophagous insect populations, influenced by the applied treatment system. It is noted that in the years 2015-2016, characterized as exceptional years, with unfavorable thermal and pluviometric conditions, with much higher values than the multiannual average, the gluten and protein content, zeleny index have lower values than in the previous years, at ARDS Turda. The specific annual climate characteristics have a major influence on the production and quality of wheat. Also, pest control strategies have a major impact on the production parameters and qualitative indicators of wheat.
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