Abstract:In modern times, efforts to construct sustainable alternative neighbourhood scale developments date to isolated voluntary initiatives in 1970s Europe and the United States. Since about 2006, they have increased rapidly in popularity. They now go by many names: ecodistricts, écoquartiers, eco-cities, zero/low-carbon/carbon-positive cities, ecopolises, ecobarrios, One Planet Communities, and solar cities. They have become frames-sometimes the dominant frame-used to orient the construction of new pieces of a city in a growing number of countries. Despite numerous standardization efforts, the field of ecourban neighbourhood planning and practice lacks a consistent cross-cultural understanding of what constitutes meaningful ecourbanism in specific economic, political, ecological, social, and design-based terms. Ecourban neighbourhood projects also respond to strictly local challenges and opportunities and express themselves in fragmented ways in different contexts. This article presents an original typology of ecourbanism as the integration of seven extreme type principles. We developed this typology through an abductive approach, or the back and forth testing of observed practices with arguments advanced in theories of sustainable development, planning and urban studies. While ecourban neighbourhood developments by definition express integrative goals, this typology permits assessment of the extent to which outcomes are being achieved in terms of each specific principle. We define and present a limiting case for each of these extreme type principles. Rather than attempting to render different standards equivalent across national contexts, this typology-based approach to understand the outcomes of ecourban neighbourhood developments promises a means to OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2015, 7 11419 facilitate orienting these developments toward higher levels of integration within a common set of principled boundaries, as they are developed around the world.
TUSG is a safe and feasible procedure using the described technique. The insertion of a 5-mm assistance trocar simplifies the procedure, allowing the use of rigid instruments.
La reputación corporativa: Un nuevo enfoque de las competencias transversales en el EEES.
Ana Mª Casado Molina Francisco José Cuadrado MéndezUniversidad de Sevilla Universidad Loyola de Andalucía, España
ResumenLos cambios en este nuevo siglo están obligando a los distintos agentes sociales a desarrollar un nuevo modelo de dirección y directivos en Europa que contribuyan a recuperar la confianza perdida con sus públicos. Las compañías incorporan la reputación corporativa (RC) y sus dimensiones en el comportamiento corporativo como un modelo que contribuye a la sostenibilidad de las empresas. Las bases para la construcción de este modelo deben tener sus cimientos en el nuevo EEES. Las instituciones académi-cas, comprometidas hoy con sus agentes sociales deben trabajar hacia iniciativas que contribuyen a la innovación y a la sostenibilidad económica y social munCorporate Reputation: A new perspective of the transversal competences in the EHEA.
Ana Mª Casado Molina Francisco José Cuadrado MéndezUniversidad de Sevilla Universidad Loyola de Andalucía, Spain
AbstractThe changes of this new century are forcing the different social agents to develop a new direction model and directors in Europe which contribute to recover the lost trust relationships with the stakeholders. Companies incorporate the corporate reputation (CR) and its dimensions in the corporate behavior as a model which contribute to the sustainability of the companies. The basis to build this model must have their foundations in the new EHEA. The academic institutions, committed with the social agents, may work towards initiatives which contribute to the innovation and the global economic and social sustainability.
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