RESUMO: Nesta revisão de literatura, elaborada a partir da análise de 73 trabalhos científicos, é introduzido ao leitor aspectos farmacodinâmicos dos antibióticos, seus usos terapêuticos (humano e veterinário), nas produções animal e industrial, e as limitações que a resistência bacteriana impõe à utilização destes fármacos em diferentes âmbitos. Sendo os mecanismos bioquímicos e genéticos da resistência bacteriana, assim como os fatores econômicos, sociais, propedêuticos, terapêuticos e epidemiológicos associados ao aparecimento de patógenos resistentes e o ônus que tais organismos geram sobre a saúde pública, o foco deste trabalho. Palavras-chave: Ciência e Saúde, Saúde Pública, Resistência Bacteriana Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and public health: a brief literature review ABSTRACT: In this literature review, which was elaborated from the analysis of 73 scientific papers, the reader is introduced to the pharmacodynamics aspects of antibiotics, their therapeutic uses (human and veterinary), in livestock and industrial production, and the limitations that the bacterial resistance impose to the utilization of these drugs in different settings. In this context, the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of bacterial resistance, as well as the economic, social, propaedeutic, therapeutic and epidemiological factors associated with the appearance of resistant pathogens and the burden that these organisms generate over the public health are the focus of this work. Keywords: Science and Health, Public Health, Bacterial Resistance INTRODUÇÃOOs antibióticos são fármacos que revolucionaram o tratamento de doenças infecciosas causadas por bactérias e reduziram mundialmente as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade associadas a infecções bacterianas. Entretanto, o mau uso desses fárma-cos acelera o processo natural de resistên-cia das bactérias contra os antibióticos, devido ao fato de que no ambiente natural esses antimicrobianos são produzidos por populações microbianas como ferramenta de competição por recursos nutricionais e espaço dentro do micro-habitat que ocupam.Sendo preocupante a forma como esses medicamentos são utilizados em ambientes ambulatoriais, hospitalares e domésticos no tratamento ou profilaxia de doenças humanas; na pecuária (MEIRELES., 2008), como por exemplo, para a produção de animais de corte como frangos (ALLIX, 2010) e para o tratamento de mastite em bovinos (SILVA et al., 2012); e da utilização de produtos 'banais', sem finalidade terapêutica que possuem em suas formulações antibióticos que favorecem a seleção de patógenos re-

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Pterygium is a benign lesion usually growing from the nasal side of the conjunctiva onto the cornea. Most cases of pterygium does not cause problem or requires specific treatment. The exact cause of pterygium is not clear yet, but some factors are pointed as causes, being the most important the long-term ultraviolet ray exposure. Pterygium surgery is usually considered when there are symptoms that do not respond to conservative treatment. Recurrence is the main complication of the surgery, and much has been done to avoid it. Mitomycin C (MMC) has been used as a fibroblast proliferation inhibitor during the surgery to reduce the chance of recurrence of the pterygium. This review describes the use of MMC as an adjunctive, the optimal dosage, the duration of administration of MMC and possible complications, when used during, after and before the surgery. Most studies suggest that increased exposure (dose or duration) of MMC is associated with a lower recurrence, but with higher risks of complications.

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Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine of genetically predisposed individuals. Ophthalmic manifestations are within the extra-intestinal manifestations, and can be divided into those of autoimmune disorders or those due to absorptive disabilities. This article reviewed the ophthalmologic manifestation of celiac disease. Ophthalmic symptoms are rare, but should be investigated in patients with celiac disease and taken into consideration as the first systemic manifestation.

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Due to the biological effects of NO-iNOS generated on induction of apoptosis and inflammatory responses, interaction between iNOS expression and IFN-gamma-mediated signaling is very important for understanding the physiology of trophoblast at the maternal-fetal interface. Our data indicate IFN-gamma acts specifically on trophoblast, regulating the expression of signaling molecules and is fundamental for iNOS expression.

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