The purpose of this study is to determine the parameters of the reproductive biology of seven commercial species at the Ramsar Site of the Baixada Maranhense to support fisheries management measures. The collections were carried out between 2012 and 2016. The reproductive period, sex ratio, weight-length relationship and first sexual maturity were evaluated for seven species of commercial importance. The sex ratio showed that females are predominant for all species, except for Plagioscion squamossissimus. The weight-length relationship indicated a greater investment in weight for Cichla monoculus and Hassar affinis, and a greater investment in length for Hoplias malabaricus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Prochilodus lacustris, Pygocentrus nattereri, and Schizodon dissimilis. The reproductive activity of the species was predominant in the rainy season, but C. monoculus, H. malabaricus and P. lacustris showed the ability to reproduce in both seasons. As management measures for the region, it is suggested a change in the closed fishing season established by IBAMA, from December 1 to April 30, to ensure the protection of all commercial species in this study.

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O uso multiplo da área de pesca do município de Raposa, Maranhão/Brasil The multiple use of the fishing area in the municipality of Raposa, Maranhão / Brazil

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Centropomus undecimalis (popularly known as common snook) is a very important resource for commercial and recreational fishing. This study aimed to evaluate quantitative indicators of the reproductive biology of C. undecimalis in the Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area (Brazil). The parameters were analyzed at the different stages of the reproductive cycle of 155 specimens, 135 (87.10%) males and 20 (12.90%) females. The results showed positive allometric growth for females and negative allometric growth for males. The sex ratio was 1:6.75 (females: males). The first estimated maturation (L50) was 57.21 cm for females and 54.55 cm for males. The species spawns multiple times, with oocytes maturing in batches, being released at intervals. According to the results of this study, it was possible to notice that reproductive peaks occurred in February, May, and November. Therefore, it is recommended that the capture of this species be avoided during these months.

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O eBook “Ensino de Biologia na atualidade: tendências e perspectivas” tem como objetivo reunir protocolos de prática, estudos de caso, pesquisa científica e de revisão de literatura sobre o ensino de Biologia na atualidade, divulgando pesquisas e relatos de experiências realizadas no Brasil e no Mundo. Visamos disponibilizar essa coletânea gratuitamente para o público interessado que poderá utilizá-lo como base didático-pedagógica para estudantes, professores dos diversos níveis de ensino e demais interessados pela temática. Os capítulos desse E-book constituem a materialização das discussões teóricas e das práticas de Biologia e ensino de Ciências realizadas em sala de aula, em campo e nos laboratórios. Com esta publicação esperamos que professores/as e estudantes percebam a importância de se refletir sobre as novas tendências e perspectivas para fortalecer a Ciência e a Biologia na construção e desconstrução do conhecimento.