The imperial coach of emperor D. Pedro II was built by Pearce & Countz British Company, responsible for the coachs from the British Monarchy, for his crowning ceremony, in 1841. Its component materials are of several natures, with distinct mechanical strength and some incompatibilities with environmental patterns in its place of storage. Specific parts, such as corduroy fabrics, ornaments and horse manes were investigated for microorganisms present both in the interior and exterior of the Imperial Coach. From this monitoring, 37 filamentous fungi, 6 yeasts and 4 bacterial strains were isolated (DNA sequencing). Some of them are known for their toxic and pathogenic nature. Most microbes found can damage its constituting materials.The imperial coach of D. Pedro II: DNA fungal identification in selected materials and its relation to biodeterioration and aerobiology Palavras-chave Berlinda Biodeterioração Biologia molecular ResumoA berlinda de aparato do imperador D. Pedro II foi construída pela companhia britânica Pearce & Countz, responsável pela construção das carruagens da monarquia britânica, para sua cerimônia de coroação, em 1841. Seus materiais componentes são de diferentes naturezas, com distintas resistências mecânicas e algumas incompatibilidades com padrões ambientais de sua área de guarda. Partes específicas, tais como tecidos de algodão, ornamentos e crinas de cavalo foram investigadas, bem como a microbiota presente no interior e no exterior da berlinda imperial. A partir deste monitoramento, 37 colônias de fungos filamentosos, 6 leveduras e 4 bactérias foram isoladas (sequenciamento do DNA). A maioria dos micro-organismos pode danificar os materiais constituintes.
The Museu Imperial has an important historical collection from the Portuguese Royal Family in Brazil. The throne represents the imperial power and is considered one of the most important objects in the museum; however, the piece has been facing for decades a gradual deterioration, mainly in its fabrics. With the growing motivation to preserve this property, conservation and restoration processes were conducted in all parts of the throne. As a part of this treatment, a microbiological survey was conducted in selected parts of the object and the surrounding environment where it was placed. This biodeterioration study, control and detection of microbial species indicated a very pertinent answer in relation to the place it was exposed, and the restoration process was performed in order to solve the most pronounced damages aiming to restore the original characteristics of the artefact. The study indicated a high diversity of fungi and bacteria. It was observed a marked decrease, before and after restoration, being observed the recurrence of the genera Absidia, Cladosporium and Epicoccum. This reduction was not so pronounced for bacteria, being also observed the recurrence of some bacterial groups after restoration (Microbacterium, Staphylococcus and Kocuria). In the atmosphere new fungal species were found after restoration, indicating a natural recontamination of the exhibition area.
The present work showed that a wide diversity of fungi was found in the environment where the Collection Academia Brasileira de Ciências is stored, in the Henrique Morize Library, being this diversity quite common in spaces storing this kind of cellulosic material. Fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Rhizopus and Trichoderma were identified through modern Molecular Biology techniques. The presence of these fungal genera is probably associated to climatization and humidity control, which prevent the occurrence of a wider diversity of microbes. However, two fungal genera, Trichoderma and Rhizopus, resisted 137Cs irradiation doses with up to 19 kGy, considered high for the elimination of fungi. On the other hand, in the National Library, particularly in some sectors, an even higher diversity of fungal species/genera was observed, a fact that seems to be compatible with the size of the library, with a much higher circulation of people. This higher microbial diversity indicated the occurrence of fungal species absolutely uncommon for in libraries and archives, such as: Diaphorte, Trametes, Arxotrichum, Grammothele, Pessiophora, Phebia and Talaromyces. Just successive samplings in the same areas will allow a confirmation if these fungal genera are permanent of occasional, due to some oscillation in the operation of circulation systems or a possible transport of these species from the outside to the library, which allows those species to remain latent in relation to growth. All microbial samples from the National Library, survived irradiation up to 16kGy.
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