Chagas disease is an important endemic morbidity in Latin America affecting millions of people in the American continent. It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , and transmitted through the feces of the insect vector belonging to the subfamily Triatominae. The present conducted an entomological survey of triatomines and analyzed entomological indicators, such as the rate of infestation, colonization, triatomine density and natural infection in rural communities in the municipality of Campinas do Piaui, Piaui State, in the Northeast region of Brazil. Data on the search of triatomines performed in 167 domiciliary units (DUs), harvested during the period of February to July 2019, in 12 rural communities were analyzed. The capture of triatomines occurred in all studied communities, being 76 the number of positive DUs, of the 167 surveyed, presenting a global rate of infestation of 45.51%. Two triatomines species were collected: Triatoma brasiliensis (98.49%) and T. pseudomaculata (1.51%), the first was found in the domiciliary and peridomiciliary areas, while the second was captured only in peridomiciliary areas. The index of colonization was 17.1%. Natural infection was observed only in 5.44% of T. brasiliensis samples. The entomological survey was conducted in rural communities, showingthe risk of transmission of Chagas disease to the local population, requiring continuous entomological surveillance and vector control.

Objectives This manuscript aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Chagas’s disease in the population of rural communities at Campinas do Piauí city, State of Piauí, Brazil. Methods The techniques of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect reagent samples for Chagas disease and estimate its prevalence in the rural population. Blood samples were collected on filter paper through digital and venipuncture. Blood samples with reactive or indeterminate results were re‐evaluated and subjected to the test by ELISA. Results In total, 763 blood samples were analysed from 161 residences of 18 rural communities, collected in residents aged between 2 and 92 years. In the indirect immunofluorescence reaction technique, 44 (5.8%) of the results were positive, being 40 (5.2%) confirmed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Among the communities surveyed, we observed reactive cases in 15 of them, these cases being distributed, according to the age group, as follows: 1 case from 0 to 10 years; 13 cases from 11 to 60 years old; and 30 cases over 61 years. Conclusion The results indicate that Chagas’s disease remains with active transmission in the Campinas do Piaui city according to the occurrence of a case in a resident under 10 years of age. The region is endemic for Chagas’s disease, as observed by the high prevalence of positive cases.

RESUMOAnemia infecciosa equina, influenza equina, mormo, encefalomielite equina do leste e encefalomielite equina do oeste são doenças que exigem notificação obrigatória ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Brasil quando houver qualquer caso suspeito de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE). Medidas como estas são necessárias para a manutenção da qualidade sanitária do plantel visto que atualmente a equideocultura ganha destaque não apenas como força no trabalho do campo, mas também em áreas como lazer, terapias e esporte, estreitando ainda mais seu contato com o ser humano, o que representa mais um ponto relevante especialmente devido ao fato de que o mormo e as encefalomielites são consideradas doenças zoonóticas. Além disso, tais enfermidades são altamente contagiosas e se espalham com facilidade entre os indivíduos, principalmente aqueles que vivem em haras e participam de eventos equestres. Diante deste fato, torna-se importante ressaltar que tais enfermidades causam grandes prejuízos econômicos aos criadores, principalmente em se tratando de doenças que não possuem vacinas e tratamento como é o caso da anemia infecciosa equina, na qual, os animais positivos para a doença devem ser eutanasiados. Portanto o presente trabalho visa apontar os principais aspectos das doenças frequentemente relatadas de maior incidência no Brasil, bem como a epidemiologia das mesmas atualmente.

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A doença de Chagas é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi. Este parasito pode ser transmitido aos humanos via vetorial, oral, congênita, por transplantes, transfusão e acidentes laboratoriais. É endêmica na América Latina, tendo ampla ocorrência no Brasil, especialmente na região Nordeste com destaque para o Piauí, um estado também endêmico para a infecção. O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa retrospectiva, com abordagem descritiva e quantitativa, realizada por meio do levantamento situacional da doença de Chagas como problema de saúde pública, no Estado do Piauí, no período de 2014 a 2018. Durante o período de estudo, foram notificados e confirmados 194 casos de doença de Chagas Aguda no Piauí, sem notificação de óbito. A ocorrência é maior entre mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos. Portanto, os dados reforçam a necessidade de diagnóstico e vigilância da doença de Chagas no estado do Piauí.

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Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes serious health-related infections, especially in intensive care units. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Riparin-B (Rip-B) alone and in association with norfloxacin against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of A. baumannii. For this, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the microdilution method. For the evaluation of resistance-modulating activity, MIC values for antibiotics were determined in the presence or absence of subinhibitory concentrations of Rip-B or chlorpromazine (CPZ). The AdeABC-AdeRS efflux system genes from these isolates were detected by PCR. Docking studies were also carried out to evaluate the interaction of Riparin-B and the AdeABC-AdeRS efflux system. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that Rip-B showed weak intrinsic activity against the strains tested. On the other hand, Rip-B was able to modulate norfloxacin’s response against A. baumannii strains that express efflux pump-mediated resistance. Docking studies provided projections of the interaction between Rip-B and EtBr with the AdeB protein, suggesting that Rip-B acts by competitive inhibition with the drug. Results found by in vitro and in silico assays suggest that Rip‐B, in combination with norfloxacin, has the potential to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumanni with efflux pump resistance.

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