Electrospinning emerged as a promising technique to produce scaffolds for cultivated meat in function of its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biocompatible and low-cost material that support cell adhesion and proliferation. Here we investigated CA nanofibers, associated or not with a bioactive annatto extract (CA@A), a food-dye, as potential scaffolds for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering. The obtained CA nanofibers were evaluated concerning its physicochemical, morphological, mechanical and biological traits. UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements confirmed the annatto extract incorporation into the CA nanofibers and the surface wettability of both scaffolds, respectively. SEM images revealed that the scaffolds are porous, containing fibers with no specific alignment. Compared with the pure CA nanofibers, CA@A nanofibers showed increased fiber diameter (420 ± 212 nm vs. 284 ± 130 nm). Mechanical properties revealed that the annatto extract induces a reduction of the stiffness of the scaffold. Molecular analyses revealed that while CA scaffold favored C2C12 myoblast differentiation, the annatto-loaded CA scaffold favored a proliferative state of these cells. These results suggest that the combination of cellulose acetate fibers loaded with annatto extract may be an interesting economical alternative for support long-term muscle cells culture with potential application as scaffold for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering.
Synthetic polymers scaffolds often need to be coated with extracellular
matrix (ECM) proteins to improve cell adhesion. For cultivated meat
applications, coating should be avoided since it is necessary to
eliminate expensive and animal-derived components. As cellulose acetate
nanofibers is a low-cost cellulose-derived material, that induces cell
adhesion and proliferation, we investigated its use associated with a
bioactive annatto extract, a food-dye and potential meat preservative,
as scaffolds for cultivated meat. Here, the bioactive electrospun
nanofibers were evaluated through morphological, mechanical and
biological characterizations. The results revealed that the scaffolds
were porous with no specific alignment and average fiber diameter of
420±212 nm. Molecular analyzes revealed that in contrast to cellulose
acetate scaffold, annatto-loaded cellulose acetate scaffold favor a
proliferative state of C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts. SEM microscopy
images suggests that the nanofiber substrates can sustain long-term
culture of the cells, up to 28 days. These results suggest that the
combination of cellulose acetate fibers loaded with annatto extract may
be an interesting economical alternative for support long-term muscle
cells culture with potential application as a scaffold for cultivated
meat and muscle tissue engineering.
A mulita é uma estrutura cerâmica constituída por alumina e sílica. Ela possui excelentes propriedades térmicas e mecânicas, sendo amplamente utilizada como material refratário. Sua formação ocorre em condições extremas de temperatura e pressão e, por isso, é raramente encontrada na natureza. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção de mulita a partir de pós-reativos de alumina e sílica, na em temperaturas próximas de 1600°C. A caracterização foi realizada por meio de Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e ensaios de flexão, de absorção de água e de degradação. Os resultados mostraram que houve formação de mulita como fase principal em todas as misturas testadas e alumina como fase secundária.
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