A B S T R A C T. This article investigates discursive practices and their relations to gender, facework and workplace in two all-female institutions that address violence against women in Brazil. By investigating 26 audio-taped interactions with victims of domestic violence at an all-female police station and a feminist activist crisis intervention center, this study contributes to the understanding of intragender differences. The findings suggest that gender does not predict interactional patterns; instead these interactional patterns are best understood as reflecting the gendered communities of practice from which the professionals are drawn. Police officers attend less to the victims' needs by providing minimal feedback when the victims report their problems. They are four times more likely than feminists to provide non-responses to the victims' turns, as well as four times more likely to change topics in their responses to the victims' turns. The linguistic and ethnographic findings suggest that the more cooperative strategies used by the feminists are not as 'valuable' for police officers in the symbolic market of their habitus. In the police system, a more affiliative way of relating to the female clientele seems to work against the female police officers and their aims, by reifying the essentialist ideology that affiliative interactions are 'natural' to women, or that is all females can offer in the police system. K E Y W O R D S : communities of practice, conversation analysis, facework, politeness, habitus, symbolic market, institutional interaction, interactional sociolinguistics, language and gender, turn taking and turn design A RT I C L E 473Communities of practice at work: gender, facework and the power of habitus at an all-female police station and a feminist crisis intervention center in Brazil
RESUMO A partir de uma coleção de dados audiovisuais de situações de complexa ecologia interacional e material, abordamos questões de caráter técnico-metodológicas, teóricas e epistemológicas oriundas do trabalho com vídeo destinado a análises linguístico-interacionais de orientação multimodal. Dentre elas destacamos: formas de registro; uso de softwares; práticas de transcrição e representação de dados audiovisuais; distinção entre descrição e transcrição de movimentos corporais. Inspiradas nas reflexões produzidas no campo da videoanálise, apresentamos como resultado alguns procedimentos de pesquisa mobilizados para dar conta da transcrição, representação e publicização dos recursos multimodais relevantes para os/as participantes nas interações.
A B S T R A C TThis article brings the study of language to the social phenomenon of genderrelated violence as it is currently being dealt with in institutional settings. It investigates the social significance of 2nd person pronoun variation and alternation in 26 professional-victim interactions in two parallel institutions created to address violence against women in Brazil: a police station with an all-female staff, and a feminist crisis intervention center. A quantitative analysis of patterns of use is complemented by a qualitative analysis of the interactional strategies of 2nd person pronoun alternation in the two settings. Pronoun switching is innovatively analyzed under the theory of code alternation developed by Auer 1995. The qualitative analysis demonstrates how pronoun alternation functions as a contextualization cue in face-to-face interactions. In particular, it shows the different ways in which pronoun alternation is used to contextualize phenomena such as preference organization and changes in frames and footings, and locally to exercise power and0or solidarity. (Pronoun alternation, domestic violence, language and gender, code-switching, contextualization cues, interactional sociolinguistics; conversation analysis, institutional interaction.)*
ResumoA entrevista de seleção é descrita como um evento no qual indivíduos buscam controlar impressões que outros formam a seu respeito no que tange a comportamentos, crenças e atributos pessoais. Este artigo analisa aspectos interacionais que podem estar relacionados ao gerenciamento de impressões por parte do entrevistado em uma entrevista de seleção. Para tanto, uma entrevista de seleção foi gravada e transcrita, e utilizou-se a análise da conversa etnometodológica como instrumental analítico. A análise revela a assimetria de papéis discursivos entre entrevistado e entrevistador e para fenômenos interacionais que evidenciam o gerenciamento de impressão por parte do entrevistado: (1) aumento de velocidade de fala quando se refere à sua demissão ou a outro evento percebido como negativo; (2) co-construção de turnos como forma de o entrevistado antecipar que conhece os pontos apresentados pelo entrevistador; (3) explicações (accounts) como modo de o candidato prevenir inferências negativas a seu respeito.Palavras-chave: entrevista de seleção; gerenciamento de impressão; análise da conversa etnometodológica AbstractApplying ethnomethodological conversation analysis to job interviews: considerations about impression management. Job interviews have been described as events in which individuals aim at managing the impressions others get from them with regards to one´s attitudes, beliefs and personal character. This paper analyzes some interactional aspects that might be related to impression management by a candidate during a job interview. In order to accomplish that, a job interview was audiorecorded and transcribed, and the conversation analysis tools were used to analyze the data. The analysis shows the asymmetry of discursive roles between interviewee and interviewer and the interactional phenomena through which impression management is substantiated by the job candidate: (1) faster delivery of the speech when the candidate refers to being previously fired or to some other event which might be seen as negative; (2) turn co-construction as a way for the candidate to anticipate that he knows the aspects being discussed by the job interviewer; (3) explanations (accounts) as a way of preventing negative inferences about himself.
This study analyzes phone calls to a Brazilian governmental health helpline. By means of Conversation Analysis and categorization analysis, it investigates a demographic survey at the end of the calls, used to collect information about the caller, including the caller's sexual orientation. What was originally a wh‐question (‘What is your sexual orientation?’) is most frequently transformed by call takers (who conduct the survey) into a polar question (‘Are you heterosexual?’), a format that triggers complex interactional trajectories and activates categorizations that demonstrate ‘in‐action’ heteronormative understandings about gender and sexuality. The analysis reveals the helpline callers’ unfamiliarity with what academics and activists have mostly considered everyday and perhaps universal terminology, and thus calls for more bottom‐up and ecologically valid ways of talking about sexual orientations. This investigation also contributes to questioning the traditional dichotomy of the micro and macro perspectives, demonstrating how situated interactions respond to a wider sociocultural repertoire which makes what is local simultaneously translocal.
Este estudo deriva de um projeto de pesquisa maior que investiga interações entre médicos e pacientes na saúde da mulher. Neste artigo, ao investigarmos dados naturalísticos, que consistem de 144 gravações, transcritas em sua íntegra, de interações face a face entre ginecologistas/obstetras e pacientes mulheres, propomos: (1) apresentar a abordagem teórico-analítica da Análise da Conversa aos estudos na área de saúde do Brasil; (2) refletir sobre como a Análise da Conversa pode revelar como questões macro (i.e., das Políticas Nacionais de Humanização) são traduzidas (ou não) para as práticas interacionais em nível mais micro (i.e., das relações interpessoais) e, assim, dar visibilidade às questões de linguagem e comunicação, apenas brevemente discutidas no Plano HumanizaSUS; e, finalmente, (3) analisar como um fenômeno interacional específico, o da "atribuição" (i.e., explicações voluntárias de pacientes sobre as causas de seus problemas de saúde e/ou sintomas), pode descrever práticas cotidianas concretas de humanização nos atendimentos à saúde.
Perspectivas otimistas na comunicação de notícias difíceis sobre a formação fetalOptimistic perspectives in communicating difficult news on fetal development Perspectivas optimistas en la comunicación de noticias difíciles sobre la formación fetal Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições, desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.
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