Introduction: This study relates prematurity to linguistic impairments. Purpose: To analyze several variables related to prematurity, identifying the risk factors for language development disorders. Methods: Medical records of 98 preterm-born children (1 to 6 years) were analyzed. Data on language development (DENVER II test) and several variables, such as gestational age, length of hospital stay and postnatal complications were collected. From the Denver II test results, the sample was divided into two groups: G1: 28 children with risk factors for linguistic impairment; G2: 70 children without risk factors for linguistic impairment. Regression models and Fisher test (α=0,05) were used for statistical inferences. Results: The presence of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), maternal age less than 18 years, birth weight less than 1000g and long hospital stay were identified as risk factors for language development. There was also an association between risk for language disorders and the presence of risk in motor and social areas. Conclusion: Prematurity itself cannot be assigned as a risk factor for language development. In such cases, the variables associated with prematurity must be further assessed, limiting the involved risk factors. In this study, the presence of PIVH, BPD, maternal age less than 18 years, birth weight less than 1000 grams and long hospital stay were identified as risk factors for language development.
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