This study aimed to adapt the Work-Health Balance questionnaire (WHBq; (Gragnano, Miglioretti, Frings-Dresen, & de Boer, 2017) into Spanish and to provide evidence for its factorial structure, reliability, and validity. WHBq comprises 17 items with three scales: Work-Health Incompatibility (WHI), Health Climate (HC) and External Support (ES). It was applied to a sample of Mexican workers (n =316). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor model replicating the original structure provided good fit (CFI = 0.950; SRMR = 0.051; RMSEA = 0.069). The reliability of each factor and the whole questionnaire were satisfactory (α and ω higher than 0.70). The AVE was lower than 0.50 only for ES. Solutions to this problem are discussed. Concurrent and differential validity was examined with external criteria. The WHBq in its Spanish version shows good psychometric properties and theoretically consistent relationships with external variables. These findings provide support for its use as a valid and reliable tool in Mexico. El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una adaptación cultural del cuestionario del balance trabajo-salud (WHBq; (Gragnano et al., 2017) al idioma español y proporcionar evidencia mediante el análisis factorial, la confiabilidad y validez. Este instrumento se compone de tres escalas: Incompatibilidad trabajo-salud (WHI), clima de salud (HC) y apoyo externo (ES), con un total de 17 ítems. Este se aplicó a una muestra de trabajadores mexicanos (n = 316). El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló un modelo de tres factores reproducido en la estructura original, el cual mostró un buen ajuste (CFI = 0.950; SRMR = 0.051; RMSEA = 0.069). La confiabilidad de cada factor y del cuestionario en su totalidad fue satisfactorio (ω mayor a 0.70). El AVE fue inferior a 0.50 solo en ES. Se discuten las soluciones para este problema. La validez de constructo se evaluó por criterio externo. El WHBq en su versión al español mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y su relación teórica consistente con variables externas. Con estos resultados se confirma que este instrumento es una herramienta válida y confiable para su uso en México.
BackgroundSuicide at any age is a Public Health problem. The last 50 years, the frequency of this problem has increased worldwide, especially among adolescents. In 2005, WHO developed a list of suicide mortality rate from 101 countries, among which Mexico has the 79th position (4.0/100,000). The objective of this study was to analyse the mortality trend by suicide in Mexico from 1979 to 2012.MethodsThis study was conducted from national databases of 1979–2012, from which analysed only the codes E950 to E959 and X60 to X84 of the 9th and 10th International Classification of Diseases. From these codes, the variables analysed were age, sex, year of register and place of residence. In the statistical analysis, we calculated mortality rates and standardised mortality rates. The standardised mortality rate was estimated from the national census 2005 as standard population and grouping by age.ResultsIn the period from 1979 to 2012 registered 100,420 deaths by suicide, the ratio by sex was 4.8 men by each woman, and the rest was none specified. From 1979 to 1984, the trend was descending (p = 0.19), but since 1984 to 2012 it was ascending from 1.31/100,000 in 1984 to 3.90/100,000 in 2012 (p ≤ 0.001). The mortality trend by sex, in men the mortality rate was ascending from 2.47/100,000 in 1984 to 7.37/100,000 (p ≤ 0.001) in 2012. In women, 0.43/100,000 in 1984 to 1.77/100,000 (p ≤ 0.001) in 2012. In the last 20th years, the age groups with high mortality were 10–14 (57.49%) and 15–19 (38.56%). The states with high mortality rates in 2012 were Aguascalientes, Quintana Roo and Chihuahua, while those with low rates were Guerrero, Oaxaca y Baja California.ConclusionsSuicide is a Public Health problem that increased constantly the last 28 years and it requires a deep analysis of other variables such as mental health, social problems and other kind of problems that affect to individual as well family and society in their psychological well-being.
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