Introduction Obesity has numerous etiologies and includes biological factors. Studies have demonstrated that the human adenovirus subtype 36 (Adv36) is an adipogenic agent and causes metabolic alterations. Study results on the prevalence of Adv36 and clinical effects in humans vary substantially. This was a systematic review to summarize the studies on the prevalence of Adv36 infection and its association with human obesity. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalysis (PRISMA). Observational or experimental studies found in the Medline, Embase, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO databases that presented results on the prevalence of Adv36 in humans were included. Results Thirty-seven studies were screened. A total of 10,300 adults aged 18-70 years and 4585 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years were assessed. The average prevalence of Adv36 among adults was 22.9%, ranging from 5.5% to 49.8%. Among children and adolescents, the average prevalence of Adv36 was 28.9%, ranging from 7.5% to 73.9%. There was a positive statistical relationship between Adv36 and weight gain, obesity, or metabolic changes in 31 studies. However, in four studies there was no association with obesity, and in one, no association was described. One of the studies showed an inverse correlation, i.e., Adv36 was a protective factor against obesity. Conclusion Strong evidence suggested a positive association between viral infection and obesity. However, due to the multicausality of obesity and heterogeneity of studies, diagnostic tests should be standardized and easily accessible by the population to estimate the overall prevalence of Adv36 infection and its association with obesity.

Introduction. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a human commensal bacterium that is also associated with infection in pregnant and non-pregnant adults, neonates and elderly people. Gap Statement. The authors hypothesize that knowledge of regional GBS genetic patterns may allow the use of prevention and treatment measures to reduce the burden of streptococcal disease. Aim. The aim was to report the genotypic diversity and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of invasive, noninvasive urinary and colonizing GBS strains, and evaluate the relationships between these findings. Methodology. The study included consecutive and non-duplicated GBS isolates recovered in southern Brazil from 2015 to 2017. We performed multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and PCR analyses to determine capsular serotypes and identify the presence of the resistance genes mefA/E, ermB and ermA/TR, and also antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results. The sample consisted of 348 GBS strains, 42 MLVA types were identified, and 4 of them represented 64 % of isolates. Serotype Ia was the most prevalent (42.2 %) and was found in a higher percentage associated with colonization, followed by serotypes V (24.4 %), II (17.8 %) and III (7.8 %). Serotype V was associated with invasive isolates and serotypes II and III with noninvasive isolates, without significant differences. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin. GBS 2018/ hvgA was observed in 17 isolates, with 11 belonging to serogroup III. The Hunter–Gaston diversity index was calculated as 0.879. The genes mefA/E, erm/B and erm/A/TR were found in 45, 19 and 46 isolates. Conclusion. This report suggests that the circulating GBS belong to a limited number of genetic lineages. The most common genotypes were Ia/MT12 and V/MT18, which are associated with high resistance to macrolides and the presence of the genes mefA/E and ermA/TR. Penicillin remains the antibiotic of choice. Implementation of continuous surveillance of GBS infections will be essential to assess GBS epidemiology and develop accurate GBS prevention, especially strategies associated with vaccination.

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Avaliação do conhecimento dos pais sobre segurança no transporte de crianças em veículos automotores e motocicletas ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate parents' knowledge on safe transport of children in motor vehicles and motorcycles.Methods: Cross-sectional study that applied a questionnaire to parents and guardians who were accompanying children in the waiting room for outpatient public and private services. To evaluate knowledge on safe transport of children, the recommendations of the Brazilian Association on Traffic Medicine were used. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests for categorical and numerical variables respectively, being significant p<0.05.Results: The sample consisted of 248 parents, 119 from private and 129 public medical services. Among the issues related to motorcycles, 76% of those who usually carry children in this vehicle answered correctly the minimum age allowed for that, however more than 30% of them did not know the safest position to carry children on motorcycles. Considering the automobile transport, the question with the highest percentage of correct answers was about the minimum age to use the front seat, with 64% of correct answers. In other issues, the percentage of correct answers ranged from 24 to 46%. Conclusions:Knowledge of the studied population about safe transport of children in motor vehicles is poor, especially regarding the use of the restraint system, the prerequisites for front seat use, as well the age and the correct form of transporting children on motorcycles.Key-words: motor vehicles; child; safety. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos pais sobre segurança no transporte de crianças em veículos automotores e motocicletas.Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado por meio de questionário autoaplicável em pais e responsáveis que acompanhavam crianças na sala de espera de ambulatórios público e privado. Para avaliar os conhecimentos sobre segurança no transporte de crianças, foram utilizadas as recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Medicina do Tráfego. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e as variáveis quantitativas testadas por Mann-Whitney, sendo significante p<0,05. Luiza do Nascimento G. Pereira et alResultados: A amostra foi composta por 248 pais, sendo 119 da rede privada e 129 da rede pública. Dentre as questões relacionadas com motocicletas, 76% daqueles que costumam transportar crianças nesse veículo acertaram a idade mínima permitida, todavia mais de 30% não acertaram a posição segura para tal. Quanto ao transporte em automóveis, a questão com maior percentual de respostas corretas foi referente à idade mínima para utilizar o banco da frente, com 64% de acertos. Nas demais questões, estes variaram de 24 a 46%.Conclusões: O conhecimento da população estudada sobre a segurança no transporte de crianças em veículos automotores é deficiente, tanto no emprego de dispositivos de retenção, pré-requisitos para o uso do banco da frente, bem como idade e forma de transporte de crianças em...