Background/Objective : Most studies have evaluated victimization at a single time point, making it difficult to determine the impact of the time during which an individual is victimized. This longitudinal study aims to examine the differences in the levels of social status (social preference and perceived popularity) and friendship in peer victimization trajectories, and to analyse if there were changes over time in the levels of social status and friendship in each trajectory. Method : The final sample was composed of 1,239 students (49% girls) with ages between 9 and 18 ( M = 12.23, SD = 1.73), from 22 schools in southern Spain. Peer nominations were collected. Results : The General Linear Model results associated the highest levels of social preference, perceived popularity and friendship with the sporadic victimization profile and the lowest levels of these dimensions with the stable profile. Conclusions : The results are discussed based on important personal aspects of stable victimization that confirms social rejection, unpopularity, and the low social support that victimization causes. This contribution is discussed in terms of health and social welfare in adolescence.

The aim of this study was to examine differences in perceived popularity and social preference of bullying roles and class norms. In total, 1,339 students (48% girls) participated: 674 primary school (M = 10.41 years, SD = 0.49) and 685 secondary school students (M = 12.67 years, SD = 0.80). Peer nominations and perceptions of class norms were collected. The results showed the highest perceived popularity among aggressors and defenders, except in anti-bullying primary school classes, where aggressors had low levels of popularity. In pro-bullying secondary school classes school, female victims had the lowest popularity levels. These findings suggest that class norms and personal variables as gender and school levels are important to understand bullying roles. Practical implications are discussed to guide teachers and practitioners according to the importance to adapt antibullying programs to the characteristics of the group in each school level and gender.

Preprimary teachers’ emotional adjustment is important for both personal and professional wellbeing and small students´ development and wellbeing. However, little research has been conducted into emotional intelligence of preprimary teachers, despite their role as “socializers” in early childhood. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale was used to assess levels of perceived emotional intelligence in 418 future preschool teachers and four profiles were identified. Most had adequate levels, but we identified a group of students with inadequate levels of emotional attention. The findings highlight the importance of ensuring that teachers will be helped to develop different components of emotional intelligence during their initial training in college. El equilibrio emocional de los maestro/as de educación Infantil es importante para su bienestar personal y profesional, y para el desarrollo de sus pequeños alumnos pero existe escasa investigación con este grupo, a pesar del importante papel como socializadores en edades tan tempranas. En este studio se usó el TMMS-24 para evaluar la inteligencia emocional percibida de 418 estudiantes universitarios de Educacion Infantil identificándose cuatro tipo de perfiles. Aunque la mayoría obtuvo niveles adecuados, se encontró un grupo con niveles problemáticos en atención emocional. Los resultados insisten en la importancia de ayudar a estos futuros maestros a desarrollar los diferentes elementos de la inteligencia emocional durante la formación inicial universitaria.

IntroductionThis study examined the effect of popularity levels on friendship selection and friends' influence on popularity levels in early and mid‐adolescence.MethodsParticipants were 4205 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 13.1 years at Wave 1; 48% girls) belonging to 160 classrooms in two waves. Adolescents were asked about their friendships and the popularity of their classmates.ResultsLongitudinal social network analyses showed that adolescents preferred similarly popular peers as friends. High popular classmates were more attractive as friends, particularly in early adolescence. Popular adolescents were more selective in their friendship nominations and adolescents with popular friends became more popular over time. These two effects were only significant in mid‐adolescents, although comparative analyses showed a similar tendency at both age groups.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of popularity levels in adolescents' friendship selection and suggests that popularity, at the individual and group level, plays a relevant role in social development. Implications adapted to the different selection and influence processes in early and mid‐adolescence are discussed.

Bullying is a group phenomenon in which schoolchildren take on different roles. Although certain contextual elements play a key role in its evolution, very few longitudinal studies have been carried out to date which investigate how these factors interact. This study aims to explore the different class groupings as regards bullying norms and to examine the effect of the type of norm, social, and normative adjustment and pro-sociality, also of the interaction of group norms with involvement in aggression and victim defence in bullying situations. A total of 3,358 secondary school students (50.71% girls, M age = 13 years, SD = 1.34) participated in the study. Four groups of norms towards bullying were identified: anti-bullying, anti-bullying but not actively defending, indifference, and pro-bullying. Univariate linear regression models showed that normative adjustment and the type of norms had a direct inverse effect on both types of behaviour, while pro-sociality only had an effect on defence. In groups with pro-bullying norms, a greater effect of normative adjustment was observed for involvement in defence and aggression, and pro-social skills were associated with aggression. These results suggest the need to work on moral, social and emotional elements to improve school climate in schools.