Background/Objective : Most studies have evaluated victimization at a single time point, making it difficult to determine the impact of the time during which an individual is victimized. This longitudinal study aims to examine the differences in the levels of social status (social preference and perceived popularity) and friendship in peer victimization trajectories, and to analyse if there were changes over time in the levels of social status and friendship in each trajectory. Method : The final sample was composed of 1,239 students (49% girls) with ages between 9 and 18 ( M = 12.23, SD = 1.73), from 22 schools in southern Spain. Peer nominations were collected. Results : The General Linear Model results associated the highest levels of social preference, perceived popularity and friendship with the sporadic victimization profile and the lowest levels of these dimensions with the stable profile. Conclusions : The results are discussed based on important personal aspects of stable victimization that confirms social rejection, unpopularity, and the low social support that victimization causes. This contribution is discussed in terms of health and social welfare in adolescence.
RESUMENEsta colaboración analiza dos nuevas dimensiones del modelo sociocultural explicativo del alto rendimiento y de la alta capacidad y se apoya en los datos obtenidos en una muestra de 118 estudiantes seleccionados por disfrutar de Beca de Excelencia en distintas Universidades de la Comunidad de Madrid. Nos centramos en el ámbito académico, explicitando cuáles son las expectativas, tratamiento recibido y reclamaciones planteadas por dichos estudiantes, y en las percepciones que tienen sobre las propias capacidades y sobre la gestión y utilización que hacen de las mismas. Se realiza un acercamiento cuantitativo o resultados obtenidos por la muestra en tests estandarizados y cuestionarios ad hoc, y cualitativo a través de la información recogida mediante grupos de discusión. Previamente se analiza la evolución de la consideración de la alta capacidad intelectual en nuestra legislación escolar y los estudios previos sobres alumnos similares a los ahora considerados. ABSTRACTThis contribution analyses two new dimensions of the socio-cultural model to explain high performance and high ability. It is based on the data obtained from a sample of students selected for their having been awarded an Excellence Scholarship by different Universities in the Madrid Region. It focuses on the academic scope, stating what the expectations are, the treatment received, and Facultad de Educación. UNED
This work analyses data from two consecutive studies carried on the same sample during the academic courses: 2000-01 and 2003-04, and its objective is to know the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and values of this sample about the situation of the more able students from the gender's perspective. The sample was chosen through the criterion of being students that have earned the Baccalaureate Extraordinary Award. These valuations were gathered by means of free discussion in small groups. In the first study we also gathered their parents' opinions, together with the ones from a group of their baccalaureate teachers. The main conclusion drawn is that school does not attend to these kinds of students, but on the contrary, it keeps on repeating and repeating, and despite of the advance towards the equality of gender, stereotypes and prejudices that double discriminates most capable women still prevail. The advancement has been greater among the younger and more cultivated population as well as in the most educated and open contexts like university and cities, but even in in this population and under the "politically correct", we still find buried redoubts of machismo.
Determination of sensorial attributes of a spread made from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) using two mini focus groups. The focus group technique is wide used to determine attributes for an innovating product. The pigeon pea is an alternative crop that offers an option for food security, fixes nitrogen in the soil, protects river basins and has a high nutritional value. Two mini focus groups were used to identify the most important sensorial descriptors of a hummus-like spreadable product made from the folk variety of pigeon pea. The techniques that were used were: drawing, planetarium, sampling and comparison with competitors. The descriptors obtained from the exercise were: beige color, hummus like taste, small lumps or totally homogeneous, oxibiodegradable packaging, transparent lid, no colorants or preservatives and spreadable texture. It was categorized as a natural, healthy and convenience product that is preferred to be accompanied with pita bread and chips. The jalapeño hummus was preferred, followed by the traditional flavor and finally the dill and celery flavor. I recommend additional sensorial analysis, physical chemical and microbiological tests, a market study and a Quality Function Development before launching the product to the market. KEY WORDSPigeon pea, mini focus group, hummus, attributes, sensorial analysis, consumer requirements RESUMEN La técnica denominada grupo focal se utiliza ampliamente en la determinación de descriptores para un producto innovador. El gandul un cultivo alternativo que contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria, fija nitrógeno en el suelo, protege las cuencas hídricas y de alto valor nutricional. Por medio de dos mini grupos focales se determinaron los descriptores sensoriales más importantes para un producto untable tipo hummus a base de la variedad criolla de gandul. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron: dibujo, planetario, degustación y comparación con la competencia. Los descriptores más sobresalientes fueron color beige, sabor característico a hummus, ajo y picante, apariencia con grumos pequeños o totalmente homogé-nea, empaque oxibiodegradable, con tapa transparente, sin colorantes o preservantes y textura untable. Se categorizó como producto natural, saludable y de conveniencia que se prefiere acompañar con pan pita y chips. La degustación colocó al hummus de chile jalapeño como el más aceptado, seguido por el tradicional y por último el de perejil y culantro. Se recomienda realizar más análisis sensoriales, análisis físico químicos y microbiológicos, realizar un estudio de mercado basado en estos grupos focales y construir un QFD (Quality Function Development) para lanzar el producto al mercado. PALABRAS CLAVEGandul, mini grupo focal, hummus, descriptores, análisis sensorial, requerimientos del consumidor El gandul es una leguminosa originaria de la India, Asia y Africa y se cultiva en diferentes países de Latinoamérica como Puerto Rico, Perú, República Dominicana y Panamá (Ocampo, 2010). Recientemente, gracias al proyecto denominado "Desarrollo de fincas agrosilvop...
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