The performance, carcass traits, and litter humidity of broilers fed increasing levels of glycerine derived from biodiesel production were evaluated. In this experiment, 1,575 broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments with seven replicates of 45 birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet and four diets containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10% glycerine. The experimental diets contained equal nutritional levels and were based on corn, soybean meal and soybean oil. The glycerine included in the diets contained 83.4% glycerol, 1.18% sodium, and 208 ppm methanol, and a calculated energy value of 3,422 kcal AMEn/kg. Performance parameters (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, live weight, and livability) were monitored when broilers were 7, 21, and 42 days of age. On day 43, litter humidity was determined in each pen, and 14 birds/treatment were sacrificed for the evaluation of carcass traits. During the period of 1 to 7 days, there was a positive linear effect of the treatments on weight gain, feed intake, and live weight gain. Livability linearly decreased during the period of 1 to 21 days. During the entire experimental period, no significant effects were observed on performance parameters or carcass traits, but there was a linear increase in litter humidity. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 5% glycerine in the diet did not affect broiler performance during the total rearing period.

RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar o fornecimento de misturas de extratos vegetais nas dietas de frangos de corte.Utilizaram-se 1.350 aves distribuídas em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições e cinco dietas, uma sem aditivos e outras quatro, cada uma contendo um dos aditivos: 10 ppm de avilamicina; 200 ppm de um produto contendo óleos essenciais de cravo, tomilho, canela e pimenta; 100 ppm de um produto comercial composto de óleos essenciais sintéticos de orégano e canela e óleo-resina de pimenta microencapsulados; 500 ppm de um produto comercial constituído de óleo de eucalipto, óleo essencial de canela-da-china, folhas de boldo-do-chile e sementes de feno-grego na fase inicial e 1.200 ppm nas fases de crescimento e final. Aos 21 e 42 dias, foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho e aos 44 dias de idade, as características de carcaça. Dos 27 aos 30 dias de idade, foi realizado o ensaio de metabolismo pelo método de coleta total de excretas e determinadas a energia metabolizável e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta das dietas. As dietas com misturas de extratos vegetais não tiveram efeito significativo sobre o desempenho se comparadas à dieta sem aditivo e à dieta com antibiótico. A ausência de desafio na criação e a utilização de dietas com ingredientes de alta digestibilidade podem ter contribuído para que as aves expressassem todo o seu potencial, tornando indetectável a melhora ocasionada pela inclusão de qualquer dos aditivos. Dietas contendo misturas de extratos vegetais promovem desempenho semelhante ao obtido com dietas contendo antibiótico.Palavras-chaves: aditivos, características de carcaça, desempenho, ensaio de metabolismo Plant extracts in diets for broilersABSTRACT -The trial was carried out to evaluate different blends of plants extracts in broilers diets. It was used 1,350 broilers distributed in a randomized block design with six replicates and five diets, one without additive and the four others, each containing one of the following additives: 10 ppm of avilamycin; 200 ppm of a product containing essential oils of carnation, thyme, cinnamon and microencapsulated capsicum; 100 ppm of a product containing essential oils of synthetic cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol and capsicum oleoresin microencapsulated; 500 ppm of a commercial product containing eucalypt oil, essential oil of Chinese cinnamon, leaves of Chilene boldo and seeds of fenu-Greek at the initial phase and 1200 ppm in the grower and finisher phases. Performance parameters were evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age and the carcass characteristics at 44 days of age. From 27 to 30 days of age, it was carried out the metabolism trial trough total excreta collection method and metabolizable energy and the crude protein digestibility of the diets were determined. The diets with plant extract blends had no significant effect on the performance when compared to diet without additives or diet with avilamycin. The lack of challenge in the experimental facilities and the use of diets with high digestibility ingredients might have contributed to broil...

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RESUMO -Três experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da utilização de probióticos na dieta de frangos de corte sobre as características da cama reutilizada e das lesões de peito, joelho e coxim plantar. Foram utilizados em cada experimento 800 pintos machos de um dia, da linhagem comercial Ross, alojados em 20 boxes, em densidade populacional de 10 aves/m 2 . O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 (cama nova ou reutilizada × rações com ou sem probiótico). O probiótico utilizado nas dietas foi composto porBacillus subtilis e B. coagulans (2x10 9 e 1x10 7 ufc, respectivamente). Aos 42 dias de idade, quatro aves de cada boxe foram abatidas para análise das lesões de peito, joelho e coxim plantar. A cama de cada boxe foi amostrada para determinação dos teores de MS e nitrogênio, do potencial de volatilização de amônia e do pH. A cama reutilizada apresentou maior teor de MS, maiores valores de pH e potencial de volatilização de amônia e menor teor de nitrogênio. O probiótico usado nas rações resultou em maior potencial de volatilização de amônia. As lesões de coxim plantar e joelho foram maiores quando utilizada cama nova.As camas reutilizadas por dois, três e quatro ciclos causaram menores lesões de joelho e coxim plantar. O probiótico não promoveu efeito benéfico sobre a cama reutilizada.Palavras-chave: Bacillus, qualidade da cama de frango, pH, potencial de volatilização de amônia Evaluation of probiotics in diets for broilers raised on new or reused litterABSTRACT -Three experiments were conduced with the purpose of evaluating the effect of the addition of probiotics in the diet of broilers on the characteristics of reused litter and lesions of chest, knee and feet. Eight hundred male chicks, one day old, from Ross Commercial Breeding, were utilized in each experiment. The animals were housed in 20 pens in a populational density of 10 birds/m 2 . The experimental design was completely randomized and the treatments were organized in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (new or reused litter × diet with or without probiotic). The probiotic used in the feed was composed by Bacillus subtilis and B. coagulans (2x10 9 and 1x10 7 UFC respectively). When the animals were 42 days old, four birds from each box were slaughtered for determinations of DM and N contents and for measurements of potential for ammonia volatilization and pH. The reused litter presented higher DM content, pH value and potential for ammonia volatilization, and lower N content. The probiotic used in the diet promoted a higher ammonia volatilization potential.The feet lesions were bigger in broilers raised on new litter. It was concluded that litter reused for two, three and four cycles caused less knee and feet lesions and that the use of probiotic in the diet did not promote any beneficial effect on the reused poultry litter.Key Words: Bacillus, pH, poultry litter quality, potential for ammonia volatilization IntroduçãoEstima-se que a produção anual da cama proveniente da...

RESUMO Evaluation of corn with different densities for broilersABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional value of corn of four different qualities, obtained by stratification in densimetric table, for broilers at different ages. The corns were designed as: MDA -high density corn; MDI -medium density corn; MDB -low density corn and MDO -original density corn, composed of 25% MDA, 50% MDI and 25% MDB. Three biological assays were carried out by using the traditional total excreta collection method for determination of nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). The first metabolism assay was carried out with Cobb chicks at 14 to 17 days of age, the second assay with chicks at 25 to 28 days of age and the third with chicks at 38 to 41 days of age. Chemical analyses were made for determination of the nutritional profile, classification of the grains according to density and comparison by estimates of energy value prediction equations. The values of AMEn of corns of different qualities (MDA, MDI, MDB and MDO) determined in broilers in initial phase were: 3562, 3382, 3198 and 3357 kcal/kg for growth phase and for final phase they were 3576, 3555, 3229 and 3416 kcal/kg and for the finish phase they were 3610, 3554, 3354 and 3585 kcal/kg, respectively. These results prove that significant energy losses of the lowest quality corns and the efficiency of the densimetric Zootec., v.40, n.7, p.1554-1561, 2011

RESUMOEstudou-se o efeito de condicionadores químicos na cama de frango sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte criados em três lotes consecutivos. Foram utilizadas 1320 aves, 440 em cada lote, em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (Trat. 1 -cama sem tratamento; Trat. 2 -cama tratada com sulfato de alumínio; Trat. 3 -cama tratada com gesso agrícola; Trat. 4 -cama tratada com superfosfato simples e Trat. 5 -cama tratada com cal hidratada) e quatro repetições. As aves e as rações foram pesadas no início e no final do período experimental para obtenção do peso final, do consumo de ração, da conversão alimentar e da viabilidade. O uso dos condicionadores não influenciou (P>0,05) o peso final, o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar. A adição do sulfato de alumínio e do superfosfato simples reduziu (P<0,05) a viabilidade das aves. Não é necessário o uso dos condicionadores na cama de frango reutilizada até o terceiro lote.Palavras-chave: cama de frango reutilizada, condicionador químico, desempenho, frango de corte ABSTRACT

Two experiments were carried out to determine which factor influences weight at hatch of broiler chicks: breeder age or incubated egg weight. In Experiment 1, 2340 eggs produced by 29-and 55-weekold Ross ® broiler breeders were incubated. The eggs selected for incubation weighed one standard deviation below and above average egg weight. In Experiment 2, 2160 eggs weighing 62 g produced by breeders of both ages were incubated. In both experiments, 50 additional eggs within the weight interval determined for each breeder age were weighed, broken, and their components were separated and weighed. At hatch, hatchlings were sexed and weighed, determining the average initial weight of the progeny of each breeder age. Data were analyzed using the Analyst program of SAS ® software package. In Experiment 1, the weight difference between eggs produced by young and mature breeders was 10.92 g, and the component that mostly influenced this difference was the yolk (7.51 g heavier in mature breeders, compared with 4.23 g difference in albumen and 0.8 g in eggshell weights). Hatchling weight difference was 9.4 g higher in eggs from mature breeders. In Experiment 2, egg weight difference was only 0.74 g, but yolk weight was 4.59 g higher in the eggs of mature breeders. The results obtained in the present study indicate that hatchling weight is influenced by egg weight, and not by breeder age. INTRODUCTIONA chicken egg generally consists of 58.5% albumen, 31% yolk, and 10.5% shell, but this composition varies according to genetic strain and breeder age (Vieira & Moran, 1999).Chick weight at hatch is directly related to egg weight, corresponding to 62 to 76% of egg weight. This correlation between increases after the 11th day of incubation and may remain the same during the entire rearing period (Wilson, 1991).Breeder age strongly influences egg weight, as well as egg quality and composition. Young breeders tend to produce lighter eggs, and consequently, lighter day-old chicks (Dalanezi et al., 2004); however, egg with the same weight can be produced by breeders of different ages as well breeders of the same age can produce eggs with different weights. Some studies showed that chick weight is independent of breeder age and it is only influenced by egg weight (Pinchasov, 1991).Egg weight increases with breeder age due to the increase in yolk size, whereas the variation in the weight of the eggs produced by breeders of the same age results from an increase in albumen proportion (Lima et al., 2001). It must be mentioned that eggs with the same weight, independently of breeder age, produce day-old chicks with the same weight and quality. Mail Adress

RESUMO -O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um complexo enzimático, composto por protease, xilanase e amilase, associado ou não a betaína em dietas para frangos de corte sobre o desempenho das aves e a análise econômica. Pintos machos da linhagem Cobb 500 (924), com peso médio inicial de 45,8 g, foram alimentados com quatro dietas, cada uma com sete repetições, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Cada unidade experimental continha 33 aves. As dietas foram:controle -rações à base de milho e farelo de soja; enzimas -rações acrescidas de enzimas (protease, xilanase e amilase); betaína -rações acrescidas de betaína natural; enzimas + betaína -rações acrescidas de enzimas e betaína. Evaluation of an enzymatic complex and natural betaine in rations for broilers chickens raised in a commercial poultry houseABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an enzymatic complex composed of protease, xylanase and amylase, associated or not to betaine in diets for broiler chickens on the performance of birds and economical analysis. It was used Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (924) at average initial weight of 45.8 g fed four diets, each one with seven replicates, in a completely randomized design. Each experimental unit had 33 birds. The diets were: control -corn and soybean meal-based rations; enzymes -rations added with enzymes (protease, xylanase and amylase); betaine -rations added with natural betaine; enzymes + betaine -rations added with enzymes and betaine. In the period from 1 to 7 days, the addition of enzymes or betaine into the rations did not influence performance traits. In the period from 1 to 21 days of age, birds fed diets with enzymes + betaine showed lower average feed intake when compared to those diets only with enzymes. However, average weight gain and feed conversion were similar. Diets with enzyme or betaine did not influence performance of the birds compared to control diet. Likewise, in the period from 1 to 35 days, performance of the birds fed diets with enzymes and betaine was similar to the control group. At 41 days of age, broilers fed diets with enzyme or betaine showed performance similar to the control group, so, the additives used had the expected effects. However, combination of the additives did not show the same efficiency. There was no significant influence of diets in the feed cost. Among the evaluated additives, only enzyme and betaine do not affect performance of the birds.