O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a relação entre o mercado futuro e o mercado à vista no Brasil, de forma a observar o comportamento da volatilidade nesses mercados e inferir relações de causalidade. A análise utiliza o mercado de ações, em um período bastante instável, incluindo a ocorrência de choques externos e um grande aumento na entrada de capital para investimento em bolsa. A hipótese de causalidade entre os mercados futuro e à vista é testada utilizando-se os correlogramas cruzados das volatilidades e um modelo GARCH bivariado. Os resultados nos permitem afirmar que o mercado à vista lidera a transmissão de informações no mercado, o que implica que o mercado futuro não causa aumento de volatilidade no mercado à vista. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the evidence of causality between the future and spot markets of stocks in Brazil, verifying if the former has unstabilized the latter, thus increasing its volatility. We analyse a period that includes external shocks and changes in the exchange rate policy. Causality from future to spot markets is tested using both the volatilities cross-correlogram and a bivariate GARCH model. The results allow us to state that the spot market leads the information transmission of the market. Thus the future market does not cause increase of volatility in the spot market
with exercise have been attributed to a plasmatic leucine threshold, which is ~3 mmol•ml-1 , and can be achieved after 2.5-3.0 grams of leucine intake [8]. Studies investigating the effects of leucine or BCAA supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage do not have clear mechanisms elucidated. Few studies underwent the procedure of muscle biopsy in order to elucidate mechanisms by which these amino acids can alleviate pain and reduce the amount of plasma markers of muscle damage. The few available studies support the theory that leucine/BCAA could act as a potential anti-inflammatory. Our research group has published this theory previously [9] but no current consistent data in humans have tested such hypothesis. This theory does not consider the metabolite HMB as responsible for performing the positive effects on muscle damage, but considers that leucine/ BCAAL could act through glutamine metabolism by interactions via transamination.
Desvio para o vermelho: 'aprogestual' para um design de interiores expandidoDesvio para o vermelho (redshift): 'aprogestual' to expanded interior design SARMENTO,
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