This paper analyses welfare regime changes in Serbia and their impact on social enterprise development in the last two decades. We cover the period of significant transition-related reforms within the welfare state, with important implications on the position of these enterprises. Using data gathered from the qualitative field research, our study shows that there are two broad groups of factors that are important for development of the new generation of social enterprises, those that emerged in the last decade with an idea to foster entrepreneurial spirit and expanded into new domains other than those providing assistance to the marginalized groups. First, their decision to enter the social economy sector still depends on the environment created by the state. Secondly, their sustainability is affected by the factors typically found in any other enterprise of comparable scale like business skills, capacity to form networks and partner with relevant stakeholders.Résumé Le présent article analyse les changements survenus dans le régime de protection sociale de la Serbie et leurs incidences sur le développement des & Jelena Ž arković Rakić entreprises sociales au cours des deux dernières décennies. Nous traitons des réformes associées à l'importante transition de l'É tat providence et de ses implications majeures sur le positionnement desdites entreprises. À l'aide de données recueillies dans le cadre de recherches quantitatives sur le terrain, notre étude démontre que deux vastes groupes de facteurs sont essentiels au développement de la nouvelle génération d'entreprises sociales, soit celles ayant vu le jour durant la dernière décennie dans le but de favoriser l'esprit entrepreneurial et ayant pris de l'expansion dans des domaines autres que celui de la prestation d'aide aux groupes marginalisés. En premier lieu, leur décision de percer le secteur de l'économie sociale dépend toujours de l'environnement créé par l'É tat. En second lieu, leur durabilité est influencée par les facteurs typiquement présents dans toute autre entreprise d'échelle comparable, dont les compétences commerciales et la capacité de créer des réseaux et d'établir des partenariats avec des intervenants pertinents.Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit untersucht die Ä nderungen am serbischen Wohlfahrtssystem und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung sozialer Unternehmen in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten. Man betrachtet den Zeitraum bedeutender wandelsbezogener Reformen innerhalb des Sozialstaates mit wichtigen Folgen für die Stellung dieser Unternehmen. Unter Verwendung von Daten aus der qualitativen Feldforschung zeigt unsere Studie, dass es zwei umfangreiche Faktorengruppen gibt, die für die Entwicklung der neuen Generation sozialer Unternehmen wichtig ist, d. h. die Unternehmen, die in den vergangenen zehn Jahren mit der Idee entstanden sind, den Unternehmergeist zu fördern, und die in neue Bereiche vorgedrungen sind, welche nicht die Unterstützung von Randgruppen beinhalten. Erstens ist ihre Entscheidung, in den Sozialwirtschaftssektor einzudringen...
This paper aims to contribute to filling the knowledge gap on practical, non-vague recommendations how to design a learning organization, usingthe analysis of organizational network structure in the context of organizational learning. We draw on the importance of organizational design as an enabler of organizational learning. We usea research case study approach as an empirical background. We apply organizational network analysis in order to describe how network density, reciprocity, reachability, blocks and cut-points as well as design efficiency -effectiveness balance can promote support and enable learning. We define practical implications for managers on how to manage work and knowledge flows in their organizations.
Management 2016/81In this paper we present evidence from the empirical research which focuses on social entrepreneurship (SE) in Serbia. We analysed the key factors that influence the development of social enterprises, the major actors in the sector and the relationships established among them. Our data show that owners are the dominant stakeholder group influencing SE business and that they are followed by the customers. The influence of the market vs the influence of the regulations changes with the change in size of the enterprise. The importance of the state also changes with the change in size. Though social enterprises operate in the network characterised by the trust among the actors, high quality cooperation and embeddedness into a network of closely tied business relations, the level of influence that sector itself has is perceived very low.
This paper explores the traits of social entrepreneurship in Serbia by addressing the role of motivation, education, personal experience, gender and age in developing social enterprises.The research done so far has not directly addressed the issue of characteristics of individuals who bring social innovation in Serbia and in that manner our research contributes to the existing body of knowledge. The data for this study were drawn from field research that started in June 2014, combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Our research suggests that social entrepreneurs in Serbia usually enter this venture without previous experience in founding a social enterprise or managing one. Education plays an important role in motivation to work for or establish a social enterprise: founders are by large people with higher education interested in continuous education and often engaged in some vocational education or training. Disparities in motivation to work in (or establish) a social enterprise are prominently different depending on the respondents' ages younger respondents are motivated primarily to address a specific social problem, while the older ones are motivated mainly to create a personal employment opportunity. KEY WORDS: social entrepreneurship, social enterprises, personal traits, Serbia APSTRAKT: U ovom radu istražuju se svojstva socijalnih preduzetnika u Srbiji kroz analizu uloge koju motivacija, obrazovanje, lično iskustvo, pol i starost imaju u razvoju socijalnih preduzeća. Dosadašnja istraživanja se nisu neposredno bavila pitanjem karakteristika pojedinaca koji su nosioci socijanih inovacija u Srbiji te na taj način ovo istraživanje dopunjava postojeći fond znanja u ovoj oblasti. Podaci na 1 gkrstic@ekof.bg.ac.rs 2 anaa@ekof.bg.ac.rs 3 zarkovic@ekof.bg.ac.rs Gorana Krstić, Ana Aleksić Mirić, Jelena Žarković Rakić: Profi le of Social Entrepreneur in Serbia 63 kojima je analiza zasnovana potiču iz empirijskog istraživanja koje je započeto u junu 2014. godine i koje je bilo zasnovano na primeni kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih istraživačkih tehnika. Naše istraživanje pokazuje da socijalni preduzetnici u Srbiji u posao ulaze često bez prethodnog iskustva u osnivanju ili vođenju socijalnog preduzeća. Obrazovanje ima veoma važnu ulogu u motivaciji pojedinca da počne da radi ili osnuje socijalno preduzeće: osnivači socijalnih preduzeća su u značajnoj meri visoko obrazovani pojedinci zainteresovani za kontinuirano učenje i često uključeni u programe dodatne obuke i profesonalnog usavršavanja. Postoje razlike u motivaci za rad ili osnivanju socijalnog preduzeća u odnosu na starost budući da su mlađi ispitanici motivisani prevashodno željom da reše konkretni socijalni problem, dok su stariji ispitanici uglavnom motivisani željom da stvore sebi priliku za zaposlenje.
In this paper we investigate potential influence of organizational downsizing on organizational knowledge and learning. We discuss organizational downsizing in order to show that in large it is an issue of organizational design, and as such, managerial activity that must be coordinated with another - managing organizational knowledge. From this standpoint, we theorize that if these two managerial activities are not coordinated, organizational downsizing can lead to uncontrolled knowledge leakages, which can show to have unforeseen effects on organizational well-being in long term.
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