Background Identifying factors that can influence young peoples’ physical activity and sedentary behaviors is important for the development of effective interventions. The family structure in which children grow up may be one such factor. As the prevalence of single parent and reconstituted families have increased substantially over the last decades, the objective of this study was to examine whether these family structures are differentially associated with young people’s MVPA, participation in organized sports and screen-time activities (screen-based passive entertainment, gaming, other screen-based activities) as compared to traditional nuclear families. Methods The data stem from the 2013/2014 “Health Behaviour in School- aged Children (HBSC) study” . A large Norwegian sample of 11–16 years old students ( n = 4509) participated. Cluster-adjusted regression models were estimated using full information maximum likelihood with robust standard errors (MLR). Results After adjusting for covariates, living with a single parent was negatively associated with days/week with 60 min MVPA (b = −.39, 95%CI: −.58, −.20), and positively associated with hours/weekday of total screen time (b = .50, 95%CI: .08, .93). Young people living with a single parent were also more likely to report no participation in organized sports (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.79). Living in a reconstituted family was negatively associated with days/week with 60 min MVPA (b = −.31, 95%CI: −.53, −.08), and positively associated with hours/weekday of total screen time (b = .85, 95%CI: .37, 1.33). For all outcomes, the interaction effects of family structure with sex, and with having siblings were not statistically significant. For material affluence, a significant interaction effect was found for participation in organized sports (χ 2 [4] =13.9, p = .008). Those living in a reconstituted family with low or high material affluence had an increased risk for not participating in organized sports whereas those with medium material affluence did not. Conclusion This study suggests that living with a single parent or in reconstituted families was unfavorably associated with physical activity, sport participation and screen-based behaviors among Norwegian youth. The findings indicate that family structure could be an important factor to take into account in the development and testing of interventions. More in-depth research is needed to identify the mechanisms involved.
Artikkelen bygger på konteksttilpasset intervensjonsdesign i en barnehage som jobber aktivt med barnehagens lekemiljø. Hele forskningsprosjektet er gjennomført av tre faglaerere innen fagene drama, pedagogikk og fysisk fostring i barnehagelaererutdanningen. Avdelinger i barnehagen ble transformert og iscenesatt av ulike materialer og visuelle elementer. Formålet var å designe alternative løsninger som konsept til tradisjonelle etablerte lekerom. Studien drøfter personalets aktive deltagelse i intervensjonene, og hva som skaper motivasjon og forståelse av rommets betydning for pedagogisk praksis. Studien kan bidra til eksisterende kunnskap ved å se på nye perspektiver og tilnaerminger til barnehagelaererrollen. Datamaterialet består av observasjoner som ble gjort under to personalsamlinger, to fokusgruppeintervjuer og forskningsdagbok fra prosjektet med et forløp på ett år. Det teoretiske grunnlaget for studien er Deci og Ryan (2000) sin selvbestemmelsesteori, og det empiriske materialet er analysert med utgangspunkt i David Kolb (2015) sine refleksjoner rundt erfaring som ressurs for laering og utvikling. Funnene viser at egne kroppslige erfaringer og aktiv deltagelse i kollektive prosesser over tid skaper motivasjon for endring i den pedagogiske praksisen hos personalet. Økt kompetanse med eksperimentering med lekemiljøer fører til indre regulert motivasjon. Personalet motiveres av barnas entusiasme, som igjen fører til større grad av medvirkning for barna i eget lekemiljø. Det skapes en delingskultur for kreativitet i tilretteleggingen av barnas lekemiljø.
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