Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal represented as Mg and has atomic number 12 and atomic mass 24. It is one of the most abundant metal found in the atmosphere of the earth and sea water. Magnesium acts as cofactor to various enzymes in the biological system and is very essential part of diet, several medications and health supplements. High concentration of magnesium and its compound in the blood serum results into toxicity and hypermagnesemia. Such condition is generally common in people with renal defects, hypothyroidism or accidental exposure to huge amount of magnesium and its salts. Magnesium poisoning can cause severe health issues including depression of CNS, neuromuscular and cardiovascular manifestation, with other symptoms including vomiting, nausea, paralysis etc. This paper discusses the general features, techniques of analysis, clinical diagnosis, symptoms and treatments related to the magnesium poisoning.
Cobalt is one of the essential Components found in trace amounts in human beings, has an atomic number of 27, molecular mass of 58.93 units and represented by the symbol Co. It is important for the formation of Cyanocobalamin or Vitamin B 12 . Normally a healthy diet contains 5 to 50g of cobalt in a day. Cobalt generally does not cause any toxicity or poisoning until the exposed to large amounts and for longer time period. Poisoning can be caused by three ways which include-Swallowing too much, inhaled too much in lungs and constant contact with the skin. Various effects are visible in case of cobalt poisoning which includes cardiovascular effects, neurological, haematological, immunological, dermatological, ophthalmological, gastrointestinal and reproductive system dysfunction. The biological samples which are analysed for cobalt poisoning includes urine, blood, serum and tissues. The various aspects along with the treatment and hospital management is discussed in this paper. Other than that, the analytical techniques which include HR-ICP-MS, XRF, UV Spectrophotometry, ICP-OES are also discussed which are used in the diagnosis.
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