Magnesium poisoning with analytical aspects and its management

Abstract

Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal represented as Mg and has atomic number 12 and atomic mass 24. It is one of the most abundant metal found in the atmosphere of the earth and sea water. Magnesium acts as cofactor to various enzymes in the biological system and is very essential part of diet, several medications and health supplements. High concentration of magnesium and its compound in the blood serum results into toxicity and hypermagnesemia. Such condition is generally common in people with renal defects, hypothyroidism or accidental exposure to huge amount of magnesium and its salts. Magnesium poisoning can cause severe health issues including depression of CNS, neuromuscular and cardiovascular manifestation, with other symptoms including vomiting, nausea, paralysis etc. This paper discusses the general features, techniques of analysis, clinical diagnosis, symptoms and treatments related to the magnesium poisoning.

Design of Extended Bisphosphonate-Based Coordination Polymers as Bone-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Breast Cancer-Induced Osteolytic Metastasis and Other Bone Therapies

“…BBPA was employed as the organic ligand in the synthesis of BBPA-based BPCPs in combination with three bioactive metals (M 2+ = Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , or Mg 2+ ). These essential metals are involved in numerous physiological processes, including those intrinsically tied to bone formation. − The selected metals present low toxicity with medium lethal dose (LD 50 ) values ranging between 3798 and 5000, , 57.348, − and 2000 and 5000 mg/kg for Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mg 2+ in rats, respectively. Various conditions were systematically attempted in terms of temperature (25–70 °C) and pH (3.0–7.0), while the M 2+ /BBPA molar ratio (1:1) was kept constant.…”

“…These essential metals are involved in numerous physiological processes, including those intrinsically tied to bone formation. 32−34 The selected metals present low toxicity with medium lethal dose (LD 50 ) values ranging between 3798 and 5000, 35,36 57.348, 37−39 and 2000 and 5000 40 For BBPA-Zn and BBPA-Mg, prismatic and hexagonal crystal morphologies were observed (Figure 3c,d). The EDS spectra for BBPA-based BPCPs exhibit the characteristic signals corresponding to the metal ions (Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) and the ligand (BBPA) used for the synthesis of each material (Figure 3).…”

Association between barium exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in U.S. adults

“…It is estimated that in the U.S. alone, more than 150,000 individuals are constantly exposed to barium at a level higher than the limit of 2 mg/L proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (13). In the general population, exposure to barium occurs primarily through the contaminated food and drinking water, however in rarer occasions, this could result from air or skin contact in the workplace that contains barium (14)(15). Barium exposure has been reported to be toxic to humans.…”