Aims: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic bark extract of Plumeria obtusa. Material and method: Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using two different animal models namely cotton pellet method and carrageenan induce paw edema in male Wistar rats at a dose of 100,200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Results: Phytochemical examination of the extract exposed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. The ethanolic extract elicited highly significant (p<0.001) inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner on cotton pellet method and carrageenan induce paw edema method. This was noticed by prominently decrease of paw volume in carrageenan induce paw edema and marked increase in % inhibition of cotton pellet Granuloma pouch at the dose of 100,200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Conclusion: The present investigations showed that the ethanolic extract Plumeria obtusa stem bark has potential anti-inflammatory activity when screened on carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet Granuloma pouch models in rats.
The continuous increase in total congestive heart failure cases and the economic burden associated with it has led to the overwhelming demand for novel therapies. Quite a few drugs for heart failure have shown some promise in preclinical as well as early-phase clinical trials, but most of them were unsuccessful to show the real benefit in pivotal trials. Ivabradine and sacubitril/ valsartan are the new promising drugs to treat heart failure which has been approved recently by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, some of the newer agents under research offer the potential for noteworthy progress in addition to these drugs. Furthermore, Gene therapy and Stem cell therapy are the recent advances which are being explored and so far have proven to be useful as evidenced by clinical trials. Apart from synthetic molecules, there are also some natural agents such as L-arginine, Coenzyme Q10 etc. which aids in the management of congestive heart failure. In addition to the pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological intervention also plays an essential role in management of congestive heart failure. To assess the true effectiveness of these attractive compounds future clinical trials with proper patient selection, optimal clinical endpoints and more appropriate study designs are mandatory.
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