BackgroundLambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide for agricultural and public health applications. This study was to determine the pathological alterations of LTC in lungs, which has not previously been studied, and the ameliorating effects of plant extracts (ginseng and garlic) on the development of asthma in albino rats.MethodsFour groups (gps) of albino rats, (n = 20, average body weight = 200 gm with an age of 4 months), were formed. Gp 1 was kept as control. Gp 2 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LTC at a dose of 1/6 LD50 that is 9.34 mg/kg body weight (w.t.) daily for 21 days (d). Gp 3 & 4 were injected (i.p.) with ginseng at the dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt and garlic (Allium sativum L.) at the dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, one hour before being given LTC at a dose of 1/6 LD50 (9.34 mg/kg b.wt.) daily. Each groups were divided into two sacrificed, at 15 and 21 d p.i. Blood and lung samples were collected for hematological and histopathological examinations.ResultsHematological findings showed that the animals in gps 2 and 3, which were treated for 21 days, showed a significant difference in RBC counts (P > .001), Hb (P > .007), PCV% (P > .004), (P > .008) in comparison with the control group. Signs of cough and nasal discharge were seen in gp 2, which became mild in gp 4. Grossly, the lungs showed congestion and consolidation in gp 2. Histopathologically, macroabscesses and interstitial alveolitis were seen in gp 2, which led to obstruction in the lumen of the bronchioles at 21 d p.i. Meanwhile, thickening in the interalveolar septa with mononuclear cells was seen in gps. 3 and 4 at 21d p.i.ConclusionsThe study shows 3 gps of rats injected with LHC alone or combined with garlic and ginseng extract, each group were divided into two sacrificed (15 and 21 d p.i.). Lambda cyhalothrin causes bronchial obstruction in the lungs of the rats (15 and 21 d p.i), which decreased into mild to moderate interstitial inflammation in the rats given garlic and ginseng, respectively.

Although the majority of women participating in this study exhibited knowledge about early breastfeeding initiation, actual application of this practice was clearly deficient. In order to improve the rates of breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of life we should enhance vaginal delivery and prenatal classes and implement Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative policies in both the Pediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics Departments of Minia University Hospital.

Acrylamide (AC) is an environmental contaminant with cancer-promoting and cytotoxic properties, while curcumin (Cur.) is a phytochemical with documented anticancer and cytoprotective efficacy. Nanoparticle formulations can increase the efficacy of phytochemicals, so we examined the anticancer and hepatoprotective efficacies of nanocurcumin (N.Cur). Curcumin and nanocurcumin reduced HepG2 and Huh-7 cancer cell viability and increased apoptosis in the presence and absence of AC, while AC alone promoted proliferation. Furthermore, the anticancer efficacy of nanocurcumin was greater than that of curcumin. In mice, AC greatly increased hepatic expression of CYP2E1, P53, cleaved caspase-3, and COL1A1 as well as serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. These effects were reversed by nanocurcumin and curcumin. Nanocurcumin also reduced the histopathology and fibrosis caused by AC, and reversed AC-induced glycogen depletion. Nanoparticle formulation can increase the anticancer and hepatoprotective efficiencies of curcumin.

Article History

Ginseng and garlic are well known plants which have anti oxidant effects. The present study investigates the protective effects of ginseng extract and garlic powder on the bad effects of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides (LTC). Eighty female Wister rats divided into 4 groups as follow; group (1) control group, group (2) injected with(9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC alone, group (3) injected with(200 mg/kg b.wt) ginseng extract (G115) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC, group (4) injected with (100 mg/kg b.wt) garlic extract (GA) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC All groups were injected intraperitonialy for 15 days (as a short term) and 21 days (as along term). Histological examination of the kidney sections showed severe congestion, besides cloudy swelling in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vacuolar degeneration with necrosis. In addition to edema in the bowman's space, hypercellularity and destruction with renal casts detected in some of renal tubules in animal injected with LTC only for 15 days. While rats injected with LTC for 21 days revealed thickening and edematous in the wall of the blood vessels with proliferation in the endothelial cells, besides thrombosis and hemorrhage. Chronic interstitial nephritis in most rats and perivasculitis were detected. Kidneys of rats pretreated with ginseng followed by LTC for 15 days showed protective effect in the form of disappear of the edema of bowman's space and cloudy swelling except some necrosis and slight congestion. Whereas 21 days showed high protective effects by reducing of cloudy swelling and necrosis. Garlic also diminished the pathological alterations in the kidneys but lower than ginseng. Histochemical observation revealed, increases in the protein inclusion in rats injected with (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) lambda-cyhalothrin alone in comparison with control, while ginseng and garlic groups almost have normal protein inclusion distributions to some extant.