This study is based on determining the influence of individual characteristics on pursuing continuing management education for carrier development of employees. That being educated in certain area of technical expertise, and being managerially trained are two different perspectives and how the later one effects the personal and professional growth of an employee. The data is collected from potential employees in areas which require continuing management education programs. The data is collected in form of quantitative questionnaires expanding over the scope of this research. The results indicate that individual characteristics actually have strong impact on selection of appropriate CME program.
Objective: To find the frequency and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among the medical students of Rawalpindi. Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College students, Rawalpindi Pakistan, were enrolled from Mar 2022 to Jul 2022. Methodology: An online, self-administered, altered version of the standardized Nordic Questionnaire was distributed among the students of Army Medical College, Foundation Medical University and Rawalpindi Medical University. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS-25. Frequencies and means were calculated. Chi-square test and student’s t test were done to find any significant associations with p-value <0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: The study population consisted of 371 medical students of which 127(34.2%) were males and 244(65.8%) were females. Musculoskeletal pain prevalence reported in the last week was significantly higher in students of clinical years (p=0.008), those with history of trauma (p=0.005), family history of musculoskeletal pain (p<0.001) and those with a higher screen time (p=0.007). Similarly, musculoskeletal pain prevalence reported in the last year was significantly higher in students of clinical years (p=0.003), those with a history of trauma (p=0.004), family history of musculoskeletal pain (p=0.011) and those with higher screen time (p=0.017). Coffee consumption, hours of study and body mass index had no significant association with musculoskeletal pain prevalence. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain prevalence proved to be significantly high among the medical students of Rawalpindi.Awareness needs to be spread about this highly prevalent problem with medical colleges taking steps to reduce the contributing factors.
As of March, 2020, Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has catapulted to the status of a pandemic. Its rapid spread has initiated a worldwide search for appropriate therapeutics targeting the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. Till now, the management of critical COVID-19 patients mainly revolves around the supportive therapies of supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support. However, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy specifically intended to halt SARS-CoV-2 from exerting its effects are increasingly being incorporated into treatment regimens. COVID-19 patient care continues to evolve as the available drugs are being thoroughly investigated for their potential antiviral effects and new therapies, such as vaccines, are being developed. The list of pre-existing therapeutics that show promise against SARS-CoV-2 includes anti-virals like Remdesivir, plasma therapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), anticoagulants, antibiotics, corticosteroids and several other investigational agents such as vitamin supplements and thymosin alpha one. In this comprehensive, updated review we will highlight the major prospective therapies that are currently in the arsenal against COVID-19 and where they stand in the treatment recommendations as well as a brief look at the challenges faced in Pakistan. With this review we not only hope to disseminate the accurate, recent information regarding these therapies, but also discuss the reliability of the clinical trials that have designated them to be useful against COVID-19.
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