Our objective in this paper is to review the application of feedback ideas in the area of additive manufacturing. Both the application of feedback control to the 3D printing process, and the application of feedback theory to enable users to interact better with machines, are reviewed. Where appropriate, opportunities for future work are highlighted.

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Interact is a cyber-physical system that enables real-time interaction with both virtual and real artifacts to design 3D models for additive manufacturing by leveraging on mixed reality technologies. This paper presents novel advances in the development of the interaction platform Interact to generate 3D models using both constructive solid geometry and artificial intelligence. The system also enables the user to adjust the dimensions of the 3D models with respect to their physical workspace. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated by generating 3D models of furniture (e.g., chairs and tables) and fitting them into the physical space in a mixed reality environment.

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Design for additive manufacturing poses new challenges and opportunities for manufacturers to produce highly customised parts while reducing cost, production time and improving quality. Manufacturing constraints of conventional manufacturing methods, such as geometric complexity limitations and workpiece handling, have shaped the landscape of computer-aided design tools, which are therefore not suitably adapted to design for additive manufacturing. Furthermore, computer-aided design tools require a high level of training to produce appropriate models. Augmented reality and feedback technologies pose an interesting opportunity for design for additive manufacturing, whereby the interaction with 3D models in an augmented or virtual design space can provide intuitive feedback to engineers and designers, providing fast validation of designs, parametric modelling and opportunities for training and use in both professional and amateur designer communities. This paper will explore and review the opportunities this exciting new technology provides.